谷氨酰胺与谷氨酰胺二肽的临床应用前景

随着营养药理学的研究进展,人们发现有些非必需氨基酸虽然能在体内合成,但在某些应激生理状态或疾病情况下,其需要量大大增加,合成速率降低,容易发生缺乏,导致蛋白质合成减少,影响机体正常功能.如果得不到及时的补充与纠正,终会因机体自我消蚀而难于存活,所以人们把这些氨基酸称之为条件必需氨基酸(conditionally indispensable amino acid ).目前公认的条件必需氨基酸有牛磺酸、精氨酸和谷氨酰胺(Glutamine, Gln).近十余年来,谷氨酰胺的营养作用及其药理学作用的研究尤其引人瞩目.

氨基酸分析仪测定血清中犬尿氨酸和色氨酸的应用价值

Trp是机体必需的氨基酸之一,Kyn是Trp为重要的中间代谢产物之一.研究发现,Kyn代谢异常与多种疾病,包括抑郁症、帕金森综合征等神经精神疾病、免疫失调、异常妊娠等的发生和发展密切相关~[1-2].血液和组织液中Trp和Kyn的检测将为这些疾病诊断治疗、病情监测及发生机制研究提供有效的试验支持~[3].目前尚鲜见用氨基酸自动分析仪检测Kyn的报道,这可能与氨基酸自动分析仪标准分析程序~[4]不能将Kyn和Trp分开有关.本研究通过改进日立L-8800型氨基酸自动分析仪缓冲液洗脱程序,建立同时测定人血清中Kyn和Trp的检测方法.

小分子肽抑制破骨细胞附着和迁移

近在Journal of Molecular Signaling发表的题为"Dramatic inhibition of osteoclast sealing ring formation and bone resorption in vitro by a WASP-peptide containing pTyr294 amino acid"的文章提出了治疗骨质疏松的新的靶点.

肠外营养中氨基酸制剂的发展

临床营养治疗是20世纪医学利学发展的一项重要成就,通过肠外营养(parenteral nutrition,PN)或肠内营养(enternal nutrition,EN)为机体提供代谢所需的各种营养成分,如蛋白质(氨基酸)、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素及微量元素等,以促进创伤愈合、器官组织功能恢复,达到治疗疾病的目的.

支链氨基酸可能改善肝癌靶向治疗患者的生存期

据《Hepatol Res》2013年3月报道题：支链氨基酸在索拉菲尼治疗肝癌的作用（作者Haruhiko Takeda）
　　肝癌是世界范围内常见肿瘤之一，目前常规治疗方法（包括手术切除、经肝动脉化疗栓塞、放疗）已被应用于临床，但缺乏针对不可切除肝癌全身化疗的有效方法。既往研究表明，索拉菲尼作为一种分子靶向药物，可应用于不可切除肝癌的分子靶向性全身化疗。但分子靶向药物可引起蛋白质-能量营养不良（protein-energy malnutrition, PEM）、肝衰竭等严重并发症，终导致生存率和生存质量的降低。一些临床试验研究发现，在肝癌患者进行化疗的过程中补充支链氨基酸（branched chain amino acid, BCAA）可有效提高生存质量。目前对支链氨基酸在索拉菲尼治疗不可切除的肝癌疗效中的作用还没有文献报道，因此来自日本大阪红十字会医院肝病科的Haruhiko Takeda提出：补充BCAA可能对不可切除肝癌的索拉菲尼分子靶向治疗有一定保护作用，可保持肝功能储备并提高生存率和生存质量。

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病发病机理研究进展

兴奋性氨基酸(excitatory amino acid, EAA)是人类脑组织中的主要神经递质,在中枢神经系统发育中起着重要作用.EAA参于中枢神经系统发育的不同生理过程,如发育、形成树状结构和突触体、学习、记忆等.中枢神经系统正常发育需要理想的EAA水平,EAA过多可致神经损伤和死亡,活性低下,延迟或中断发育[1].近年来不少研究表明,细胞外EAA浓度过高及各氨酸(glutamic acid, Glu)受体调节紊乱是脑缺氧缺血损伤的主要原因[2,3].本文就EAA及受体在缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)中的作用,一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)、腺苷与EAA的兴奋毒性,抑制性氨基酸(inhibitory amino acid, IAA)与EAA之间的关系作如下综述.

关于《中国药典》2010年版盐酸组氨酸及谷氨酸中其他氨基酸项下系统适用性要求的商榷

盐酸组氨酸和谷氨酸是<中国药典>2010年版二部收载的氨基酸类药物,且二者均收载于<英国药典>和<欧洲药典>.盐酸组氨酸收载于<美国药典>,<日本药局方>未收载这两个品种.<中国药典>2005年版二部收载的这两个品种的其他氨基酸检查项下均无系统适用性要求[1-2],2010年版增加了系统适用性要求[3-4],但是,系统适用性试验结果都存在一些问题,前者的系统适用性结果是脯氨酸的斑点不够清晰,加大上样量后斑点清晰度提高；后者系统适用性结果是门冬氨酸的斑点不显色,无法判定系统适用性是否符合要求,增加门冬氨酸浓度后斑点显色明显,为此笔者认为对系统适用性溶液的配制及点样量提出商榷.

富硒板党对脑缺血大鼠兴奋性氨基酸的影响

中药材板党生长在有"中国硒都"之称的湖北恩施板桥境内,资源极为丰富,本品药食兼用,又是非常好的滋补品.其根含多种氨基酸(如谷氨酸、甘氨酸、胱氨酸、酪氨酸)、多糖、微量元素等[1],具有抗氧化、抗疲劳等的作用[2].本文旨在研究富硒板党对大鼠脑缺血及其再灌注后脑组织中兴奋性氨基酸(excitatory amino acid,EAA)的影响,为综合开发富硒板党提供依据.

脑活素对阿尔茨海默病认知功能的影响

Cerebrolysin is protein hydrolysis products of porcine brain with standard enzymolysis of modern biochemical techniques, which contains water soluable amino acid and low molecular peptide. Some researchers found that it can regulate neuron metabolism, promote transmitter transmission between nerve synapses and proliferation of neuron. We treated 28 Alzheimer disease cases with cerebrolysin, and gained good effects. Cerebrolysin takes apparent effects on promoting recognition function. Report as follow:

不同时间亚低温治疗对缺血性脑血管病患者的脑保护作用

BACKGROUND:The subhypothermia treatment presents the advantages of decreasing energy metabolism and consumption of lactic acid,reducing release of active amino acid and alleviating inflammatory brain injury by cerebrovascular disease protecting blood cerebral barrier and stabilize permeability of vessel.

维持性血液透析患者透析前后血浆游离氨基酸的变化及临床意义

营养不良在维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者中发生率很高,直接影响到患者的生存率和生活质量.为了解血透患者透析过程中各种氨基酸丢失的情况,为营养治疗提供依据,我们检测了MHD患者透析前后血浆游离氨基酸(free amino acid)的变化.

脑梗死患者血浆兴奋性氨基酸与内皮素含量测定及相互关系研究

兴奋性氨基酸(excitatory amino acid, EAA)作为一种神经递质参与脑血管疾病,特别是缺血性脑血管疾病的发病机制及病理生理过程的研究是近几年的热门课题.本文应用高效液相色谱法及放射免疫分析法同步测定脑梗死患者急性期、恢复期血浆兴奋性氨基酸和内皮素( endothelin,ET)量的变化,并探讨二者之间的关系,旨在从临床角度研究兴奋性氨基酸和内皮素在脑梗死中的作用.现将结果报告如下.

蚕蛹复合氨基酸对幼年雄性大鼠生长的影响

蚕蛹自古就作为滋补强身,和脾胃,长肌肉的食物和药物加以应用,现代研究也证实其含有丰富的营养成分[1].中国的蚕桑资源十分丰富,缫丝以后剩下大量蚕蛹.浙江省中医药研究院蚕业资源药用开发研究中心从蚕蛹中提取了蚕蛹复合氨基酸,深化了蚕蛹的综合利用,并对其营养价值作了研究.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase controversies

What is an ESBL?What seemed like a simple concept when the name ESBL was introduced has become more complicated as more enzymes with related properties have been recognized. The first enzymes to be termed extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) were found to differ from the common, plasmid-mediated, broadspectrum SHV-1, TEM-1, or TEM-2 β-lactamases by a small number of amino acid substitutions located near the active site that modified its structure so as to extend the spectrum of the parental enzyme[1-3]. Later ESBLs related to OXA-2 or OXA-10 were discovered that also differed from their progenitors by a limited number of amino acid substitutions[4-5]. These enzymes conferred resistance to oxyirnino-β-lactams such as cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and aztreonam and were at least as susceptible to β-lactamase inhibitors (clavulanic acid or sulbactam) as the parental types (with the OXA enzymes notably less susceptible than those in the TEM or SHV families)[6].

谷氨酰胺和生长激素联合应用对大鼠氨基酸水平的影响

本文对化疗后大鼠肠外补充谷氨酰胺和生长激素,研究血浆和组织(肌肉和小肠)中游离氨基酸的变化,探讨谷氨酰胺和生长激素联合应用对氨基酸代谢的影响.

The Beige and Chediak-Higashi (BEACH) domain is highly conserved in a large family of eukaryotic proteins, and is crucial for their functions in vesicle trafficking, membrane dynamics and receptor signaling. From a fetal brain cDNA library, we isolated a cDNA of 3858 bp encoding a novel human BEACH protein, which was named as human neurobeachin-like 1 (NBEAL1) gene. The cDNA had an open reading frame (ORF) of 3006 bp encoding a putative 1001 amino acid protein. The NBEAL1 gene was located on human chromosome 2q33-2q34 and consisted of 25 exons spanning about 73 kb of the human genome. PSORT analysis indicated that the NBEAL1 protein contained a vacuolar-targeting motif ILPK, which suggested the protein might be located in the cell lysosome. The expression pattern was examined by reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which showed that the transcripts were highly expressed in the human brain, kidney, prostate, and testis while lowly in the ovary, small intestine, colon and peripheral blood leukocyte. In addition, the RT-PCR result of and Northern blot showed that the novel gene was highly expressed in the biopsies of different grade glioma, especially in that of lower grade ones, which suggested it might be correlative with the glioma.

犬小孢子菌膜蛋白PQ-LRP基因全长cDNA的克隆

目的 克隆犬小孢子菌膜蛋白PQ-LRP(PQ-loop repeat protein)基因全长cDNA,探讨在头癣发病机制中的作用.方法 选用犬小孢子菌头癣株(A518)为实验株,采用cDNA快速末端扩增法(RACE),克隆PQ-LRP基因的全长序列.结合生物信息学方法对获得的序列进行初步功能分析.结果 获得犬小孢子菌PQ-LRP全长序列为1522 bp,拥有一个1080 bp的开放阅读框,编码359个氨基酸,5 '非编码区为49 bp,3 '非编码区为393 bp;同源性比对与断发毛癣菌的PQ-LRP同源性达到81％,与红色毛癣菌PQ-LRP同源性达到79％.结论 克隆出犬小孢子菌膜蛋白PQ-LRP cDNA全长序列,为研究膜蛋白PQ-LRP基因在犬小孢子菌病中的功能奠定基础.

兴奋性神经毒性及作用机制研究进展

兴奋性氨基酸(Excitatorv amino acid,EAA)广泛存在于哺乳类动物中枢神经系统的正常兴奋性神经递质,以谷氨酸(Glu)和天门冬氨酸(Asp)为主.Glu是中枢神经系统内含量高的一种,研究表明Glu及其受体参与神经元信息传递,及学习记忆和认知功能的形成机制密切相关[1-2].本文就EAA及其受体的生理、毒性作用及对神经系统毒性的机制和近年来果内外的研究现状作一综述.

L-氨基酸转运体与肿瘤的关系

近年来,国外有许多关于L-氨基酸转运体(L-type amino acid transporter,LAT)与肿瘤关系的研究报道,认为LAT与肿瘤细胞的生长、增殖、血管生成相关,是预测肿瘤不良预后的病理因素.目前国内LAT与肿瘤关系的研究较少,本文将二者关系研究进展进行综述.

广西狂犬病毒野毒株的基因和抗原分析（英文）

Analyse the genetic and antigenic variant of rabies virus in Guangxi with epidemiological method, monoclonal antibodies reaction pattern and molecular biological technique. Rabies incidence has increase in recent three years in Guangxi, especially in mountainous areas. Investigation into the human rabies found that there are about 20％ vaccinated defeat cases.On the basis of their reactivity to monoclonal antibodies against the viral nucleocapsid protein(mAb-N),4 street strains isolated from different areas where enzootic rabies is shown had different reaction patterns compared with Chinese vaccine strain(3aG). The nucleotide and amino acid sequence of street strain(GX89_1) G and N gene were compared with 3aG, the overall nucleotide homology of GX89_1 with 3aG was 84.5％ and amino acid homology of GX89_1 with 3aG was 89.5％ in G gene.The overall nucleotide homology of GX89_1 with 3aG was 86％ in N gene and they were not in the same group.There are several amino acid replacement in AA 243_268 of G protein that can affect the antigenicity of rabies virus.The findings suggest that there are different street strains of rabies virus in Guangxi.