Recent investigations clearly indicate that certain amino acids previously considered as non-essential are conditionally indispensable substrates in various diseased states: Hypermetabolic and hypercatabolic situations are accompanied by a marked depression of the intracellular glutamine pool. This depletion of glutamine stores leads to severe complications, such as infection, poor wound healing, impaired immunity, increased intestinal permeability, and finally multiple organ failure.

手术前开始应用生长激素对肠外营养病人蛋白质代谢、肌肉功能、肠粘膜屏障和细胞免疫功能的影响

生长激素(GH)在术后应用已有报告,其代谢效应在术后3～4天出现,为探索创伤后分解代谢的进一步改善,术前开始应用重组人生长激素(rHGH).目前国内外均无术前应用rHGH的报告.目的(1)观察手术前3天开始应用rHGH治疗能否使以往研究中于术后第4天出现的正氮平衡在术后提早出现,并观察其对术后肌肉功能的影响.(2)观察手术前后应用rHGH对肠外营养病人肠粘膜通透性、小肠粘膜形态及细胞免疫功能的影响.方法本研究为前瞻性、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的临床研究.20例因胃肠道疾病行手术治疗的病人随机进入研究组或对照组.术前3天至术后第7天,研究组病人接受rHGH(0.3IU.kg-1.d-1,皮下注射)治疗,对照组接受安慰剂.从术前1天至术后第6天,两组病人接受等氮等热卡的肠外营养(20Kcal·kg-1.d-1,0.15gN·kg-1·d-1).观察指标包括:术后6天的氮平衡,手术前后体重、双手握力、行走速度、血浆谷氨酰胺水平、肠粘膜通透性、外周血淋巴细胞亚群、血常规和肝、肾功能变化及小肠粘膜形态.结果1.研究组术后6天累积氮平衡明显好于对照组(P<0.01),并于术后第2天开始出现持续的正氮平衡,而对照组术后6天持续为负氮平衡.2.对照组病人术后体重、双手握力和行走速度均较术前下降(P<0.05),研究组病人术后无明显下降(P>0.05),两组变化差值比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).3.rHGH治疗显著提高了研究组病人血浆GH和IGF-1浓度(P<0.01),而对照组血浆GH和IGF-1浓度较术前无变化(P>0.05).4.对照组病人术后血浆谷氨酰胺水平较术前下降(P<0.05),研究组病人术后维持术前水平(P>0.05).5.对照组病人术后CD淋巴细胞比例及CD/CD淋巴细胞比值较术前下降(P<0.05),研究组术后无明显变化(P>0.05),两组间变化差值比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).6.手术后对照组肠粘膜通透性较术前明显升高(P<0.05),研究组升高不明显(P>0.05).研究组小肠粘膜厚度和绒毛高度与对照组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05).7.rHGH治疗后研究组空腹血糖较治疗前有升高趋势,但与对照组比较无显著性差异.rHGH治疗对血常规和肝肾功能未见明显影响.8.临床未见与rHGH治疗有关的严重副反应.结论1.手术前开始应用rHGH,结合低氮低热卡肠外营养治疗可有效地纠正手术应激引起的分解代谢,合成代谢作用较术后应用提前出现.rHGH治疗维持肌肉功能.2.rHGH减轻手术应激和肠外营养引起的肠粘膜通透性增高,保护肠屏障功能.3.rHGH治疗防止手术应激引起的细胞免疫功能抑制,保护机体免疫功能.

肝移植细菌感染的临床特征与肠道通透性的变化

细菌感染是肝移植术后的主要并发症,也是术后死亡的首位原因[1].引起感染的致病菌主要来源于肠道,包括G-杆菌和G+球菌[2].笔者的研究旨在探讨肝移植术后细菌感染的特征及其与肠道通透性的关系.

Objective. To evaluate the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation in rats with acute pancreatitis during total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Methods. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats that underwent injection of 3.5％ sodium taurocholate solution into the pancreatic duct were randomly divided into one of the following two groups: (1) received only TPN (control group) or (2) received TPN with EGF at a dose of 0.2 mg· kg-1· day-1 (Egf group). On fifth day of total parenteral nutrition, samples from mesenteric lymph nodes, pancreas, liver and spleen were harvested for cultures. Water, protein and DNA content in jejunal mucosa were determined. D-xylose and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran were instilled into the lumen of a ligated segament of small intestine. Thirty minutes later, superior mesenteric vein D-xylose and plasma FITC-dextran concentration were measured. Results. Positive cultures in liver and spleen, as well as FITC-dextran concentration in the Egf group were significantly lower than in the control group. Protein and DNA content in jejunal mucosa in the Egf group were significantly higher than in the control group. Conclusion. The results indicate that EGF may prevent increased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation in rats with acute pancreatitis during TPN.