促进老年人健康记忆的认知训练方法研究进展

我国是世界上老年人口多的国家,据资料显示,2007年底60岁及以上老年人口约为1.53亿,占总人口的11.60%[1].老龄化给医疗卫生等带来沉重负担,如何应对老龄化、实现健康老龄化已成为当前十分紧迫的社会问题.

IL- 7和IL- 15自杀式基因修饰的中枢性记忆T细胞具有同种异基因反应性及自我更新的能力

白血病经同种异基因造血干细胞移植治疗后,其长期的临床缓解还依赖于同种异基因反应性记忆T细胞能否自我更新并分化成具有抗白血病作用的效应子,以对抗移植物抗宿主病(GVHD).记忆T细胞根据归巢受体CD62L和趋化因子受体CCR7的表达与否, 分为中枢性(TCM)和效应性(TEM)记忆T细胞.

Chronic alcoholism can damage the cytoskeleton and aggravate neurological deifcits. However, the effect of chronic alcoholism on hippocampal neurons remains unclear. In this study, a model of chronic alcoholism was established in rats that were fed with 6%alcohol for 42 days. Endog-enous hydrogen sulifde content and cystathionine-beta-synthase activity in the hippocampus of rats with chronic alcoholism were signiifcantly increased, while F-actin expression was decreased. Hippocampal neurons in rats with chronic alcoholism appeared to have a fuzzy nuclear mem-brane, mitochondrial edema, and ruptured mitochondrial crista. These findings suggest that chronic alcoholism can cause learning and memory decline in rats, which may be associated with the hydrogen sulfide/cystathionine-beta-synthase system, mitochondrial damage and reduced expression of F-actin.

Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Insulin signaling in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease is impaired. Preclinical studies of growth factors showed impressive neuroprotective effects. In animal models of Alz-heimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, insulin, glia-derived neurotrophic factor, or analogues of the incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 prevented neurodegenerative processes and improved neuronal and synaptic functionality in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. On the basis of these promising ifndings, several clinical trials are ongoing with the ifrst encouraging clinical results published. This gives hope for developing effective treatments for Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease that are currently unavailable.

NR2B subunits are involved in regulating aging, in particular, age-related learning and memory deficits. We examined 19-month-old NR2B transgenic mice and their littermate controls. First, we detected expression of the NR2B subunit gene, Grin2b, in the neocortex of transgenic mice using real-time PCR. Next, we used microarrays to examine differences in neocortical gene expression. Pathway and signal-net analyses identified multiple pathways altered in the transgenic mice, in-cluding the P53, Jak-STAT, Wnt, and Notch pathways, as wel as regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions. Further signal-net analysis highlighted the P53 and insulin-like growth factor pathways as key regulatory pathways. Our results provide new insight into understanding the molecular mechanisms of NR2B regulated age-related memory storage, normal organismal aging and age-related disease.

自传记忆

1 何谓自传记忆所谓自传记忆(autobiographical memory)是一种关于自我(self)信息的记忆([1]).成人很少能回忆起两三岁前所经历的事情,却可以回忆起此后经历的事情.这一现象在心理学领域被称为婴儿遗忘症(infantile amnesia).

记忆损伤儿童的干预策略

记忆损伤(memory-impaired)是造成儿童学习障碍的主要原因之一.由于不同性质、不同程度记忆损伤的存在,不仅会影响聋儿阶段的康复质量与康复效果,甚至会影响其今后学业成就与智力的发展,这是一个值得教师和家长重视的问题.

术中知晓预防和脑功能监测快捷指南

1术中知晓定义术中知晓定义为全身麻醉下的病人在手术过程中出现了有意识的状态,并且在术后可以回忆起术中发生的与手术相关联的事件.记忆可以分类为外显记忆(explicit memory)和内隐记忆(implicit memory).临床上术中知晓只限定为外显记忆,不包括内隐记忆;也不包括麻醉诱导入睡前和麻醉苏醒之后所发生的事件.术中做梦也不认为是术中知晓.

即刻早期基因c-fos与学习记忆的关系及研究进展

即刻早期基因(IEGs),是指细胞经外部刺激后先表达的一组基因,是联系细胞生化改变与细胞终对刺激发生特异性反应的中介物.不仅参与细胞的正常生长、分化过程,而且也参与细胞内信息传递过程和细胞的能量代谢过程,在学习记忆中起着极为重要的作用.目前已发现的IEGs有十几种,有特征、重要的是c-fos基因族(包括c-fos、fos-B、fos-1、fos-2).大量研究发现,c-fos基因及其蛋白产物与学习记忆有着极为密切的联系.本文主要就c-fos基因与学习记忆的关系及研究进展做一综述.

不同手术部位病人术前记忆障碍情况分析

记忆障碍(impaired memory)是指个人处于一种不能记住或回忆信息或技能的状态,有可能是由于病理生理性的或情境性的原因引起的永久性或暂时性的记忆障碍.已有学者研究表明60岁以后的记忆障碍发生明显[1].本研究旨在探讨不同手术部位病人的记忆障碍情况,以期提升术前访视质量,从而延缓病人记忆障碍发生,使病人能够更好地行使社会功能.

中国老年人增龄性记忆改变

Objective Explore the characteristics of age related memory changes of older Chinese adults living in the community and memory changes relative to age,education,gender,and occupation.Methods The Multi dimensional Memory Assessment Scale(MMAS) was administered 50 young adults aged between 20 and 30,as well as 280 older adults between 50 and 91 years of age and from three counties and Changsha city of Hunan province,China.Results Comparing with young adults,the memory functions of Chinese adults over 50 decreased with aging and went down abruptly after 65 years old,except for everyday life memory.The explicit memory of older adults declined with age more significantly than implicit memory.For explicit memory,the impairment of associate learning occurred more early and severely than free recall and recognition.The age,education,occupation,and gender were significant predictors of the explicit memory,the implicit memory was predicted only by age,and education and gender were significant predictors of the everyday life memory.Conclusion The older Chinese adults perform poorly on the memory tests as compared with young adults,the rates of decline of different memory functions are different,and the age,education,occupation,and gender have effects on the different types of memory.

"代谢记忆":比"必须严格控糖以防止糖尿病并发症"更多?

糖尿病的流行是一个严重的公共健康问题,因其特有的血管并发症而使预期寿命缩短,病残发生增加.尽管近年来在高血糖治疗、血糖监测和血糖控制指标等方面已取得重大进展,但大多数糖尿病患者仍然会发生血管并发症.

凶杀作案精神分裂症患者伴记忆障碍1例

1 病史摘要被鉴定人,女性,40岁,已婚,初中文化.于2008年8月24日与婆婆吵架后用刀将婆婆砍死,因家人反映有精神病史10余年,由当地公安机关送本院进行精神病司法鉴定.被鉴定人2000年出现不愿与人交往,常自语自笑.2001年起在当地精神病院门诊诊治,诊断:精神分裂症,予利培酮2~3mg/d,病情稳定,能从事简单的家务劳动.2008年5月自行停药,渐出现无故哭笑,自语.2008年8月24日与婆婆吵架后便用刀将婆婆砍死在家中.既往无颅脑外伤史,无癫痫、智力低下表现.个性内向,孤僻少语,无特殊嗜好.卷宗材料其家人及周围邻居询问笔录中反映,被鉴定人既往与婆婆无明显的冲突和矛盾,平时能和睦相处.

精神分裂症患者治疗前后执行和记忆功能的变化及意义