幼年关节炎患儿关节功能评价

在儿童风湿病的诊疗过程中,医务人员应如何规范地进行患儿的关节功能检查,如何系统评价儿童慢性关节炎患者的关节功能,如何判断患儿全身情况改善,在国外众多的关节功能评价体系中,如何根据需要选择有效性( validity)、可靠性(reliability)、敏感性(sensitivity)兼顾的评判标准[1],一直是困扰国内儿科风湿病学同行的难题.简要介绍目前使用较广泛的幼年关节炎关节功能评价体系,希望能有助于专科医生理解和运用.

血糖仪测定失血性休克病人血糖值可靠性研究

创伤后机体会发生一系列应激性变化,其中交感神经-肾上腺髓质的兴奋会导致血糖的应激性升高.且血糖增高值与疾病预后有一定的关系,血糖越高预后越差[1],故合理控制血糖是抢救危重症病人的有利措施.准确快速地提供血糖值对治疗至关重要,笔者对106例创伤性休克病人行快速血糖测定与静脉血血糖测定相比较,探讨两者之间的关系,为临床治疗提供准确数据.

Use of instruments and scales in mental health research in China

Almost all mental health research involves the use of instruments or scales.These are employed to make diagnoses;to measure the severity of symptoms;to assess knowledge,attitudes and behaviors;and for a wide range of other purposes.Much of the reported mental health research in China employs Chinese versions of scales from the west,but in many cases the reliability and validity of the scales in China have not been adequately assessed so the validity of the reported results is in question.This paper discusses this issue and other aspects of using instruments and scales in China that have not been given sufficient attention by mental health researchers.

尿道口前移-龟头成形术治疗冠状沟型尿道下裂

冠状沟型尿道下裂甚为常见,阴茎在勃起时其体部能完全伸直,虽龟头有轻度向腹侧弯曲和尿道外口后移,但不致引起性功能障碍,即使设法矫正其外形,常常也不理想,故过去一般均不行手术治疗.然而患儿及其家长从正常的阴茎外观出发,往往迫切要求手术矫正.为了解决这一矛盾,尿道口前移一龟头成形术是一种操作简单、并发症少、住院时间短和效果良好的对策,我院1984～1985年共施行此手术7例,效果满意,报告如下.

开窗引流治疗小儿急性化脓性心包炎(附49例报告)

我院自1966～1985年采用心包开窗引流术治疗小儿急性化脓性心包炎49例,取得较好效果,现报告如下.临床资料一、一般资料年龄60天～13岁,病程5～50天.其中伴多发性脓肿22例、骨髓炎11例、肺炎5例、脓胸及肺脓疡各1例.全部病例均作了心包穿刺确诊.心包液培养:金黄色葡萄球菌24例、溶血性链球菌6例、大肠杆菌4例、枯草杆菌及绿脓杆菌各1例.

测定直肠粘膜胆碱酯酶活性诊断先天性巨结肠症的初步探讨

先天性巨结肠症是常见的常染色体隐性遗传病.临床诊断除应用X线和肛门测压等检查手段外,国内外还建立了一些酶学指标及化验指标;如直肠粘膜胆碱酯酶活性的组化法及比色法,无神经节细胞肠段组织中乙酰胆碱含量测定,以及红细胞真性胆碱酯酶活性测定等.

言语测听材料的复测信度评估

言语测试的信度(reliability)对于测试材料的选择和测试结果的解释都至关重要,没有进行信度量化的材料测试敏感度低,对科研和临床评估起不到应有作用.就言语测听而言,现行很多测试材料并没有进行信度评估[1],现对言语测听材料的复测信度评估综述如下.

脊髓损伤患者日常生活活动能力评定量表(AMS)信度和效度分析

目的 对脊髓损伤患者的日常生活活动能力评定量表(AMS)的信度和效度进行分析.方法 选取脊髓损伤患者30例,应用AMS进行康复评定,并进行信度和效度分析.结果 AMS具有较好的组内信度、组间信度、表面效度、敏感度,在与FIM、BI对照研究显示具有较好的标准效度.结论 日常生活活动能力评定量表(AMS)具有较好的信度和效度,可以在临床上广泛地应用脊髓损伤的康复评定.

Translation and validation of the Malay version of the short-form DASS-21 for the epidemiology survey of working population

Reliability Study on Quantitative Detection of Extensor Digitorum Brevis Strength with Needle Electromyography and Nerve Conduction

Objective: Cultural adaptations of the questionnaires are important for easy use. We aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Turkish Version of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire in patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Methods: To assess test-retest reliability, the Turkish “Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire” and “Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand”questionnaires were answered by patients and controls and were repeated a week later. For testing internal consistency, the Cronbach's alpha test was used. For testing validity, correlations between the subscales of the“Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire” and “Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand” questionnaire were measured in patient groups. One hundred patients with idiopathic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and 50 healthy participants were included in the study. Results: In test-retest reliability, intraclass correlations of the subscales of the“Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire”were high. Cronbach's alphas were found to be high in all subscales. There was no significant correlation between asthetics and pain scales. We found significant differences between patients and controls regarding all subscales of the“Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire”. Correlations between subscales of the “Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire” and “Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand”questionnaire were significant. We found no difference between one-hand effected and two-hand effected patients, in terms of the “Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire”, “Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand” questionnaire Function/Symptom and Work average scores. Conclusion: This study showed that the Turkish version of the“Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire”is reliable and valid and can be used in Turkish patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome because it is comprehensible and practicable. Copyright ? 2015, Chinese Medical Association Production. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).