AIM To study the comprehensive prevention and treatment of gastric cancer among high-risk population inthe high risk areas.METHODS A gastrocarcinoma mass screening was performed in 16 villages of Zhuanghe region. About50 000 population were involved and 3033 cases aged above 35 suffering from gastric diseases, and/or hadfamily history of gastric cancer were screened. Clinical epidemiological investigation, double-contrast X-ray,serum pepsinogen monitor, gastroscopic biopsies and histopathologic examinations were adopted in thescreening.RESULTS The ratio of the examined patients with gastric disorder reached up to 82% and 32 patients withgastric cancer were detected (1.06%) and 18 cases were early gastric cancer (56.25%). Patients with gastriccancer were treated successively. Aside from gastric cancer, several gastric lesions were also detected, whichlaid a good foundation for further interventional treatment. It was also found in the examination that93.97% of the local residents were addicted to salted pork and more than 60% of the residents had Hpinfection.CONCLUSION Gastric diseases, Hp infection of gastric mucosa and eating salted pork are very common inZhuanghe region. These are very dangerous factors causing gastric cancer. It is feasible to quit eating saltedpork and eradicate Hp infection and cure precancerous diseases.

AIM To assess the relationship between HBV X-gene, X-gene product and Fas/ FasL which mediatehepatocellular apoptosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.METHODS Tissue from 34 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was tested for the expression of HBxAg.Quantitative ELISA assay was used to detect sFas; and sFasL and PCR were used to detect the HBV X-genein sera from 30 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 32 patients with liver cirrhosis and 20 normalcontrols.RESULTS The positive expression of HBxAg, Fas and FasL in carcinoma tissue was 97.06%, 85.29% and100%, respectively. The positive signal was mainly presented in the plasma, and all of these three positivestaining may appear in the same area. Redit analysis showed that there was no significant difference amongthese three positive staining (P >0.05). The mean levels of sFas in sera from hepatocellular carcinoma, livercirrhosis and normal controls were 722.97±321.12, 801.90±419.94 and 224.07±148.23, respectively,showing that sFas levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis were significantlyelevated than that in normal controls (P < 0.0l). The mean levels of sFasL in sera from hepatocellularcarcinoma, liver cirrhosis and normal controls were 152.27±7.99, 162.97±12.40 and 154.99 ± 6.96,showing that sFasL level in patients with liver cirrhosis was significantly higher than that in patients withhepatocellular carcinoma and normal controls (P< 0.01). HBV X-gene was found to be positive in sera of30% patients with hepatocellular carcinoma; HBV X-gene was found to be positive in sera of 43.75% ofpatients with liver cirrhosis. There was no significant difference in sFas/sFasL level between HBV X-genepositive patients and HBV X-gene negative patients (P >0.05).CONCLUSION The expression of HBxAg and Fas/FasL in the tissue of hepatocellular carcinoma seemed tobe almost the same, but relation between cause and effect is unclear. The detection of sFas and sFasL inpatient sera may reflect the state of apoptosis mediated by Fas/FasL system. Our data showed that HBV X-gene expression in sera seemed to have no relation to sFas/sFasL level; however, these data also suggestedthat some patients with negative HBsAg in sera might have integrated HBV X-gene in liver tissues, andtherefore X-gene is detectable in those patient sera.

AIM To investigate the diagnostic value of CagA IgG in serum.METHODS Seventy three patients with peptic ulcer infected with HP were eradicated by antibioticstherapy. At pretreatment, wk9 and wk20 after treatment, the detection of Hp in gastric muscosa bybacteriologic method were performed, and CagA and whole-cell antigen of HP igG in serum by ELISAmethod were also performed at the same time.RESULTS The IgG titres of Hp CagA and whole-cell antigen changes in accordance with the efficacy ofHp eradicated. The former with an earlier appearance and a greater number of cases decreased to normallevel in comparison with the latter.CONCLUSION CagA IgG is a better index for observing the effectiveness of the eradication of Hp.

AIM To evaluate the significance of alhafetoprotein (AFP). gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT).Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) in diagnosis of primary hepaticcancer.METHODS Thirty-six patients with liver carcinoma (male 26, female 10, aged 29- 72 years), 6 withhepatic metastasis of gastrointestinal cancer (all male, aged 37- 69 years), 62 with benign liver diseases(male 53, female 9, aged 32- 71 years) and 222 without liver diseases (male 152, female 70, aged 22- 76years) were studied. Blood samples were taken by venipuncture. Serum was separated and frozen at -20℃until the analysis was made. AFP, CEA and CA125 were measured by RIA.RESULTS Serum AFP in liver cancer (476.3 - 181.4 ug/L) was significantly higher than that in hepaticmetastasis of gastrointestinal cancer, benign liver diseases and monhepatic diseases (P<0.01). Serum GGTin liver cancer was 621.1±289.9 w/L, significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05). CA125level in liver cancer (236.3±127.2 u/L) was markedly higher than that in benign liver diseases andmonhepatic diseases (P<0.01), but no significantly difference was found in hepatic metastasis ofgastroentestinal cancer (219.4±143.7 U/L). Serum CEA in liver cancer (8.8±2.1 ug/L) was markedlylower than that in hepatic metastasis of gastroentestinal cancer (32.7±7.2 ug/L) (P<0.01). Thesensitivity of AFP, GGT, CA125 and CEA in the diagnosis of liver cancer was 72.2%, 88.9%, 63.9% and11.1% repectively; their specificity was 93.1%, 71.1%, 78.2% and 65.8% respectively. The diagnosticsensitivity and specificity of simultaneous detection of AFP, GGT and CA125 in liver cancer were 91.7% and88.4% respectively.CONCLUSION AFP is superior to GGT, CA125 and CEA in the diagnosis of liver cancer; simultaneousdetection of AFP, GGT and CA125 might increase the diagnositic sensitivity and specificity of liver cancer.

AIM To evaluate the clinical value of creatine kinase macroisoenzyme type 2 (CK-M2) and oligosaccharideprotein (OP) in serum from patients with gastric carcinoma (GC).METHODS Serum level of CK-M2 was detected by agar gel electrophoresis. OP concentration was measuredby an enzyme immunoassay.RESULTS Serum levels of CK-M2 and OP in 57 cases of GC were significantly higher than those in 51 caseswith gastric precancerous lesion and 28 controls. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for GC with CK-M2 was 56.10% and 98.63% respectively. CK-M2 and OP were not associated with histologic type and degreeof differentiation.CONCLUSION These results suggest that CK-M2 may serve as a marker to diagnose GC, and the specificityis higher, whereas OP is not more significant for GC diagnosis, but it could be a useful indicator forevaluation the status of body immune.

AIM To investigate the infection of hepatitis G virus (HGV) in 105 cases of drug abusers.MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and five heroin addicts including 85 males and 20 females,aged from 17a to 45a old, mean age 26.3a±5.8a were observed. Duration of the drug abusing was rangedfrom 5 mo to 168 mo with mean 37.5 mo±23.6 mo. Seventy-five cases accepted the drug by intravenousinjection only, 30 others by both intravenous and scalded inhaling ways. All cases had no history of bloodtransfusion. ① Detection of HGV-RNA: total RNA was extracted from serum by the acid quanidinum thiocyanate-phenol-ethanol method, the 5'terminal non-coded region of HGV-RNA was amplified by nested reversetranscription-PCR, ② anti-HAV-IgM, HBsAg, anti-HCV, HDAg, anti-HD, anti-HD-IgM and anti-HEVwere detected by ELISA. Reagents were provided by Shenzhen Moon Bay Biologic Company. ③ Hepaticfunctions were determined by Hitachi 7510 automatic analyzer.RESULTS (① Incidence of HGV infection: 25(23.8%) of 105 drug abusers, 21 men and 4 women,wereinfected with HGV. The mean drug taking time of HGV infected cases were 38.6 mo±19.9 mo, it is similarwith the mean duration of drug abusing, 37.7 mo±24.6 mo (P>0.05), of those cases without HGVinfection. ② Superinfection of HGV with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV): 26 (24.7%)of 105 addicts were infected with HBV and 68 (64.8%) with HCV. Among 25 cases infected with HGV, 8(32%) of them were infected with HGV alone, 6(24.0%) were superinfected with HCV, 2(8.0%) withHBVand 9(36.0%) with HCV and HBV. Thus, 17(68.0%) of 25 cases infected with HGV weresuperinfected with HCV and/or HBV. ③ Hepatic function tests: The total serum bilirubin levels of all 105cases were less than 20 umol/L. The ALT levels of 30(28.6%) cases were more than 40 U/L and amongthem, 1 case was infected with HGV only, 1 was superinfected with HGV and HBV, 3 with HGV and HCV,7 with HGV, HBV and HCV respectively. Meanwhile also among the cases with abnormal increased ALTlevel, 1 case infected with HBV, 15 with HCV, 2 superinfected with HBV and HCV.CONCLUSION The results of this investigation neveal that in drug abusers the incrdence of viral hepatitis isin the order of HCV, HBV and HGV.