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Objective To define the prevalence, severity and risk factors for lead poisoning in new immigrant children from the mainland of China to Hong Kong, China.Methods New immigrant children from the mainland of China under 18 years of age were invited to join the study. Their growth parameters and venous blood lead levels (BLL) were measured within 7 days of arrival. Those with elevated BLL i.e. >10?μg/dl (0.48?μmol/L) were assessed for signs, symptoms and risk factors of lead poisoning. Education on the prevention of lead poisoning and follow up BLL measurements were offered until their BLL normalized.Results Four hundred and fifty-seven children were recruited. Among them, 18.1% and 2.6% had BLL >0.48 and 0.71?μmol/L, respectively. None had BLL >0.96?μmol/L. Possible risk factors included contaminated drinking water (19%), herb ingestion (17.5%), pica, playing in dumping grounds, residing near paint factories or highways, habitual inhalation of car exhaust and cooking with petroleum. Symptoms and signs included abdominal pain, headache, short stature, and learning difficulties but did not correlate with BLL. None required treatment except for counseling on the avoidance of risk factors. About 94.7% showed a reduction in BLL 2-3 months after arrival and before counseling. All had normalized BLL by 9 months except 1 who had an X-ray feature of lead line.Conclusions Lead poisoning is common in new immigrant children from the mainland of China. Environmental factors were most important while behavioral factors like regular herb ingestion might have contributed to the persistence of high BLL in the minority.
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铅中毒致视神经损害二例
职业性接触铅烟尘或口服含铅中药治疗癫痫、银屑病等疾患可导致铅中毒.铅中毒引起视神经损害者很少见,其发生机制也值得进一步研究.我们将近年收治的2例铅中毒致视神经损害的病例报告如下.
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慢性铅中毒并发肾功能不全一例
患者女,53岁,某蓄电池厂工人,从1980年开始从事本工作,至今已25年.
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职业性亚急性铅中毒1例报告
1 病例介绍患者,女,25岁,系个体蓄电池厂切片工,于2003年10月10日~11月17日接触铅尘作业.车间面积约20 m2,高3 m,平时门窗可开启.空气中铅尘浓度大,自然通风差,无通风设备.工人偶而戴防尘口罩,每天工作9 h,多时达11.5 h,且卫生习惯差,有时在车间进食.同工种有类似发病者,其车间铅浓度未检测.
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我国儿童铅中毒防治的现状与任务
近十多年来,国内儿童铅中毒防治工作受到了广泛重视,经社会各界及各级政府部门的不懈努力,全国大部分地区的环境铅污染得到了一定程度控制,儿童血铅及儿童铅中毒的流行率明显下降.因此,总体上来讲,我国环境铅污染在逐步改善,当然还存在着一系列问题,还面临着许多困难和挑战,这就需要我们进一步明确我国儿童铅中毒防治工作所面临的现状和任务.
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20例职业性慢性铅中毒的临床分析与心理护理
铅(Pb)是常见的金属毒物,加热至400~500℃时,即有大量铅蒸气逸出.在空气中氧化成氧化亚铅(Ph2O)并凝集为铅烟,可通过呼吸道和消化道引起机体多方面的损害.