Objective: To establish the device and model of motorcyclist ejection injury.Methods: Based on our laboratory devices, a motorcy-clist ejection injury simulation system was developed.A total of 18 pigs were approved by the local animal experi-mentation and ethics committee to serve as the motorcy-clist substitutes.In this ejection motion, the animal rode freely at the motor driver seat and was straightly acceler-ated by means of our custom motorcyclist ejection injury simulation system.When it was speeded up to the preset velocity (v=30, 40 or 50 kin/h) at the preset position, the animal was ejected forward.Pathological and dynamic analy-ses were conducted, accompanied with the high-speed photograph, acceleration/velocity signal test, gross obser-vation and light microscope examination as well as the ab-breviated injury score-injury severity score (AIS-ISS) scale.Results: The high-speed photograph indicated that during the ejection procedure the motorcycle was first ar-rested and decelerated suddenly, and then the motorcycle driver was ejected forward, accompanied with the rotation motion in the air.Finally, the head, shoulder and thorax of the ejected animal impacted directly on the hard ground.Varying degrees of injury focusing on the liver, heart, lung and spleen were found.There existed a significant positive, correlation between ISS and the ejection velocity of the motorcycle drivers (ISS=16.7+2.9 for 30 kin/h, 25.0±0.0 for 40 km/h and 37.3a=1.0 for 50 kin/h), The detailed injury char-acteristics were as follows: for the mildly injured animals, there were interlobar gaps or leaf gaps and lobar surface blood coagulation blocks in the liver, and mild lung hemorrhage; for the severely injured animals, there were liver comminuted laceration, moderate lung hemorrhage and heart injury.Animals suffering from the most severe injuries died half an hour later.Conclusion: The new injury model stated in this paper has a high stability and good repeatability, and is likely to be helpful to deeply investigate the injury mechanisms and protection countermeasures of motorcyclist ejection injury.

Objective:　To investigate the characteristics of bone fractures from road traffic accidents and analyze their injury mechanisms so as to provide reference for the research and medical care of traffic trauma.　　Methods:　Three hundred and six patients with fractures from road traffic accidents were included into this study. A total of 507 fractures were identified and the injury mechanism, location distribution and frequency were analyzed. 　　Results:　The most common location of fractures was the lower extremities, followed by the upper extremities, skull and maxillofacial region, and the rarest was the spine. A total of 56% of the patients suffered from multiple fractures. The fractures of the patella, femur and pelvis and the fractures of the olecranon, humerus and shoulder often happened simultaneously.　　Conclusions:　The injury mechanisms can be classified into four types: impact, incoordinate movement, stretch injury and crush and extrusion. The fractures from traffic accidents have the following characteristics: centrifugal distribution of the injuries, multiple fractures, force transmission and ipsilateral occurrence.

A 45-year-old male car driver died in a traffic accident of four cars rear-end collision on the highway. He was found to have died after a respiratory and cardiac arrest at the scene. No sign of skin injuries was observed from the external inspection. The autopsy was not permitted by the family members because of the local culture. Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) was applied to the current case, showing dislocation of C3~4 cervical vertebrae with Ⅱ degree, C4 vertebral plate fractures, and spinal stenosis. Post-mortem MSCT confirmed the diagnosis as whiplash injuries. MSCT was verified to be effective in showing the severity of whiplash injuries, thus providing certain objective evidence for medicolegal expertise.

3D Finite Element Model of Human Knee Injuries in the Traffic Accident

Numerical Reconstruction and Injury Biomechanism in a Car-Pedestrian Crash Accident