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计算机多媒体辅助教学在法医病理学教学中的应用
法医病理学是研究与法律有关的人身伤亡的发生发展规律的一门法医学分支学科.它涉及多种医学学科,如生理学、组织学、病理学、解剖学等基础医学,又与外科学、内科学、妇产科学、儿科等临床学科密切联系.
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Sudden Death due to Brainstem Leukemic Hemorrhage:A Case Report
IntroductionLeukem ia is a hem atologic neoplasm characterized by potential infectious and hem orrhagic com plications In adult patients with acute leukem ia,in fection is the most com m on com plication.Imtrcra nial hem orrhage (ICH) is the second most common com plication.H ow ever,ICH has been identified as the m ajor cause of m orbidity and m ortaliity in pa tients with leukem ia[1-6].A num ber of case ceports ascribed the death of leukem ic patients due to hem orrhge of the supratentorial and infratentorial brain,basal ganglia,and cerebellum [2,7-9].However,few cases have reported on brainstem hem orrhage.The current case report involved a young wom an who died of brainstem hem orrhage due to acute leukem ia,discussing the pathophysiologic m echanism underly ing ICH.Futhherm ore,the risk factors were specified,w ith a provision of suggestions to forensic pathologists in handling deaths associated w ith ICH,especially sudden unexpected deaths.
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Severe Hypokalemia due to Combination Use of Dexamethasone and Calcium Gluconate for Diabetics with Infection:A Case Report
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An autopsy case of sudden death induced by alimentary tract hemorrhage was presented, which was caused by the unexpected rupture of clinically unrecognized tuberculous abdominal aortic a-neurysm (TAAA). The initial diagnosis was made of the syndrome of coronary heart disease and hyper-tensive disease. The detailed autopsy showed that the alimentary tract hemorrhage was caused by a sud-den rupture of the mass after posture changing was ascertained as the cause of death. The diagnosis of TAAA was determined by the autopsy findings. Analysis for the medical dispute of TAAA was de-scribed, and the difficulty of the diagnosis and medico-legal implications were also discussed.
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A 45-year-old male car driver died in a traffic accident of four cars rear-end collision on the highway. He was found to have died after a respiratory and cardiac arrest at the scene. No sign of skin injuries was observed from the external inspection. The autopsy was not permitted by the family members because of the local culture. Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) was applied to the current case, showing dislocation of C3~4 cervical vertebrae with Ⅱ degree, C4 vertebral plate fractures, and spinal stenosis. Post-mortem MSCT confirmed the diagnosis as whiplash injuries. MSCT was verified to be effective in showing the severity of whiplash injuries, thus providing certain objective evidence for medicolegal expertise.
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Pulmonary Hemorrhagic Infarction due to Fat Embolism and Thromboembolism after Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery: a Rare Case Report
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Assessment of a Sudden Death Case due to Coronary Artery Disease Based on the PMCT and Forensic Autopsy
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Objective In order to understand which kind of function genes play an important role for es-timating wound age, the variation of difference genes’ mRNA expression were compared after injury. Methods T he mRNA expression levels of seven candidate genes (ICAM-1, NF-κB, MX2, MT1, MT2, sTnI, and Cox6c) were analyzed in contused rat skeletal muscle at different time points using real-time fluorescent quantitative PC R (R T-qPC R ). T he rawC t values were normalized relative to that of RPL32 mRNA , and converted to standard C t values. A t each time point after injury, the standard deviations (SD ) of the standard C t values were calculated by SPSS. Results T he expression trends of the seven genes were all found to be related to wound age, but there were lower variation coefficients and greater reliability of sTnI and Cox6c when compared with other genes. Conclusion T he genes encoding struc-tural proteins or proteins that performbasic functions can be suitable for wound age estimation.
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In practice of forensic medicine, potential disease can be associated with fatal asphyxia in re-straint position. Research has demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) are plentifully distributed in skeletal muscle, contributing to the regulation of contractile and relaxation. In the current study, respiratory functions, indices of diaphragmatic biomechanical functions ex vivo, as well as NO levels in serum, the expressions of diaphragmatic inducible NOS (iNOS) mRNA, and the effects of L-NNA on contractility of the diaphragm were observed in sepsis induced by cecal ligation and punc-ture (CLP) under the condition of restraint position. The results showed that in the CLP12-18 h rats, respiratory dysfunctions; indices of diaphragmatic biomechanical functions (Pt, +dT/dtmax, -dT/dtmax, CT, Po, force over the full range of the force-frequency relationship and fatigue resistance ) declined progressive-ly; the NO level in serum, and iNOS mRNA expression in the diaphragm increased progressively; force increased significantly at all stimulation frequencies after L-NNA pre-incubation. Restraint position 1 h in CLP12 h rats resulted in severe respiratory dysfunctions after relative stable respiratory functions, almost all the indices of diaphragmatic biomechanical functions declined further, whereas little change took place in NO level in serum and diaphragmatic iNOS mRNA expression; and the effects of L-NNA were lack of statistical significance compared with those of CLP12 h, but differed from CLP18 h group. These results suggest that restraint position and sepsis act together in a synergistic manner to aggravate the great reduction of diaphragmatic contractility via, at least in part, the negative modulation of NO, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of positional asphyxia.
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3D Finite Element Model of Human Knee Injuries in the Traffic Accident
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The Impact of Gender,Age and Tissues in vitro on Estimating Postmortem Interval by FTIR Spectroscopy
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Numerical Reconstruction and Injury Biomechanism in a Car-Pedestrian Crash Accident
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Time-Dependent FTIR Spectral Changes in Rats of Massive Hemorrhage Death during the Later Postmortem Period
The aim of the current study was to investigate the spectra in the different organs of the rats which died of massive hemorrhage; to explore their spectral changes 15 days postmortem and the best mathematical model with different band absorption ratio changes to postmortem interval(PMD; and to compare the spectral changes of different temperature.Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed by cutting abdominal aorta,and the cadavers were divided equally and kept at 4 ℃,20℃ and 30℃ in the control chamber.From the same rat,seven different organs were sampled at intervals of 1-15 days postmortem,and then measured by Fourier transfom infrared (FTIR) spectrometer.Six mathematical model functions were explored.The absorbance of bands and band absorbance ratios of absorption peak in each organ showed a time-dependent increase or decrease,most band absorbance ratios remaining stable for 7-15 days postmortem.Cubic model functions of the various bands absorbance ratios against PMI showed a stronger related coefficient.The absorbance bands with obvious changes at 20 ℃ showed stabilized tendencies at 4 ℃ and significant changes at 30 ℃ within 15 days postmortem.In addition,FTIR spectroscopy revealed a time-dependent metabolic process,with potential of being used to estimate PMI during 7 days postmortem,which merits further investigation.