Objective To characterize the histological and epidemiological features of male lung cancer patients in China.
Methods The demographic and histological information about male lung cancer patients identified from 2000-01-01 to 2012-12-31, was collected from the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Relative frequencies (RF) were estimated for major histological subtypes and compared according to the years of diagnosis and birth.
Results The RF of adenocarcinoma (ADC) increased from 21.96% to 43.36% and the RF of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) decreased from 39.11% to 32.23% from 2000 to 2012 in the 15 427 male lung cancer patients included in this study (Z=17.909, P<0.0001; Z=-6.117, P<0.0001). The RF of ADC increased from 28.72% in 2000-2004, 36.88% in 2005-2008 to 48.61% in 2009-2012 in patients born after 1960. The age-adjusted RF of ADC in 2007-2012 increased consistently in all the investigated areas.
Conclusion The increased RF of ADC in male lung cancer patients highlights the need for further investigation of the etiologic factors of these tumors. Smoke-free policies rather than modifying tobacco products should be enforced.

AIM In order to evaluate the diagnostic parameters of characteristic pathologic change in the liver biopsyspecimens, we developed a numerical scoring diagnostic standard.METHODS Ten of the eleven categories of characteristic pathologic lessions appearing in acute hepatitisand 11 categories in chronic hepatitis were selected. Each of them was graded 3 scales, then the essentialscore and scale score were set up. Adding up to all the numerical scores of individual components, formed thetotal scores of histological chronic activity index (HCAI) and histological acute activity index (HAAI). Onethousand and eight patients with various liver dieases were studied,and compared with conventional readingsand Knodell'HAI through F analysis and q test.RESULTS The HAAI of acute, subacute, and chronic severe hepatitis was 43.56±9.08, 51.63±12.13,and 65.45±17.51 respectively. There was significant difference between each other (P<0.01). TheirHCAI was 14.44±8.31, 57.39±10.98, and 58.14 12.24 respectively. HAAI of mild, moderate, andsevere chronic hepatitis was 18.57±7.00, 26.43±7.49, and 35.58±11.47 respectively (P<0.01), andHCAI was 13.2±6.90, 40.29±10.99, and 50.02±9.78 respectively. There was signficant difference(P<0.01). The HAAI of active liver cirrhosis and silent liver cirrhosis was 64.96±16.60 and 31.17±9.07respectively, the difference being significant (P < 0.01), and HCAI was 66.00±9.62 and 69.84±8.93, withno significant difference (P >0.05).CONCLUSION The diagnostic standard of histological activity index that we set up, was more useful aseither an alternative or supplement to the conventional terminology and KnodellHAI.

Platelet-rich plasma containing various growth factors can promote nerve regeneration. An in-side-out vein graft can substitute nerve autograft to repair short nerve defects. It is hypothesized that an inside-out vein graft iflled with platelet-rich plasma shows better effects in the repair of short sciatic nerve defects. In this study, an inside-out vein autograft iflled with platelet-rich plasma was used to bridge a 10 mm-long sciatic nerve defect in rats. The sciatic nerve function of rats with an inside-out vein autograft iflled with platelet-rich plasma was better improved than that of rats with a simple inside-out vein autograft. At 6 and 8 weeks, the sciatic nerve function of rats with an inside-out vein autograft filled with platelet-rich plasma was better than that of rats undergoing nerve autografting. Compared with the sciatic nerve repaired with a simple inside-out vein autograft, the number of myelinated axons was higher, axon diameter and myelin sheath were greater in the sciatic nerve repaired with an inside-out vein autograft iflled with platelet-rich plasma and they were similar to those in the sciatic nerve repaired with nerve autograft. These findings suggest that an inside-out vein graft filled with platelet-rich plasma can substitute nerve autograft to repair short sciatic nerve defects.

The histological analysis of peripheral nerve regeneration is one of the most used methods to demonstrate the success of the regeneration through nerve conduits. Nowadays, it is possible to evaluate different parameters of nerve regeneration by using histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural techniques. The histochemical methods are very sensible and are useful tools to evaluate the extracellular matrix remodeling and the myelin sheath, but they are poorly speciifc. In contrast, the immunohistochemical methods are highly speciifc and are frequently used for the identiifcation of the regenerated axons, Schwann cells and proteins associated to nerve regeneration or neural linage. The ultrastructural techniques offer the possibility to perform a high resolution morphological and quantitative analysis of the nerve regeneration. However, the use of a single histological method may not be enough to assess the degree of regeneration, and the combination of different histological techniques could be necessary.

人组织工程化肌腱构建的实验研究

AIM: To investigate the technique of tissue engineered tendon with human tenocytes. METHODS: Human tenocytes in vitro, then the tenocytes were mixed with Polyglycolic Acid(PGA) to form cell-polymer constructs and cultured in vitro. After one week, the constructs were surgicallly implanted subcutaneously into athymic mice. Specimens were harvested at 6 weeks for gross, histologic examinations and immuno-histological analysis. RESULTS: The engineered tendon resembled natural tendon grossly in both color and texture. Histologically, most tenocytes and collagen bundles were aligned along the longitudinal axis of engineered tendon. CONCLUSION: Human tenocytes be used as seed cell, engineered tendon can be generated in the nude mice by means of tissue engineering technique.

大鼠内耳胚胎和出生后的组织学研究（英）

The mouse labyrinth is an excellent model for study-ing the morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation of the mam-malian inner ear' s postnatal developmental periods andthe availability of numerous genetic mutants with a variety of inner ear abnormalities. There are many genes affectingthe inner ear of the mouse, and some of these lead to le-sions which resemble lesions occurring in man.

Epidemiological Evolution of Lung Cancer in the South of Spain from 1990 to 2010

Background: Changes in lung cancer has been characterized by the increase of cases among women and the increase in adenocarcinomas among other histological subtypes.Methods: Descriptive analysis of cases diagnosed with lung cancer in Hospital Virgen de las Nieves (Spain) from 1990 to 2010,based on five variables (age, sex, smoking, histology and pathological anatomy). The study establishes associations between these variables and compares the results with the literature.Results: 2,026 patients were diagnosed with lung cancer in this period; 1,838 were males (90.7％) and 188 women (9.3％); 1,892patients (93.4％) were smokers or ex-smokers and 134 (6.6％) had never smoked; the most frequent non-small cell histology types were squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma and it was the most frequent neoplasia in women and were associated with a lower tobacco consumption.Conclusion: The large majority of lung cancer cases is associated with a history of smoking tobacco and there are histopathological differences according to gender and cumulative tobacco smoke load.