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提高自体颌下腺移植术的成功率
角结膜干燥症是眼科常见病,我国该病患病率为2.7%,有近三千万程度不同的角结膜干燥症患者[1];该病在65岁以上人群中的患病率为23.6%[2].国外报告65岁以上人群患病率为15.0%~28.7%[3-6].
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Botulinum toxin A (BTXA) has been used in several clinical trials to treat excessive glandular secretion;however, the precise mechanism of its action on the secretory function of salivary gland has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of BTXA on secretion of submandibular gland in rabbits and to identify its mechanism of action on the secretory function of salivary gland. At 12 weeks after injection with 5 units of BTXA, we found a significant decrease in the saliva flow from submandibular glands, while the salivary amylase concentration increased. Morphological analysis revealed reduction in the size of acinar cells with intracellular accumulation of secretory granules that coalesced to form a large ovoid structure. Expression of M3-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3 receptor) and aquaporin-5 (AQP5) mRNA decreased after BTXA treatment, and distribution of AQP5 in the apical membrane was reduced at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after BTXA injection. Furthermore, BTXA injection was found to induce apoptosis of acini. These results indicate that BTXA decreases the fluid secretion of submandibular glands and increases the concentration of amylase in saliva. Decreased expression of M3 receptor and AQP5, inhibition of AQP5 translocation, and cell apoptosis might involve in BTXA-reduced fluid secretion of submandibular glands.
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下颌下腺的影像学研究进展
下颌下腺的解剖、生理及功能研究比较成熟[1~8],但其影像学表现研究报道并不多[3],国内仅见零星报道从某一种疾病阐述某一种影像学表现.笔者查阅大量国内外文献进行综述,期望为下颌下腺的深入研究及疾病的诊断提供更多的影像学依据.
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多层螺旋CT对颌下腺结石的诊断价值
颌下腺结石在人体3对大涎腺中发生率高,约占80%~90%,腮腺次之,舌下腺极为罕见[1],由于结石梗阻致唾液排出受阻,致面部疼痛、包块形成,病变反复发作,颌下腺发生慢性炎症,腺体变硬、功能减低,甚至丧失,患者的生存质量亦受到影响。通过收集本院16例颌下腺结石患者的多层螺旋 CT (multislice CT,MSCT)影像资料进行回顾性分析,探讨MSCT对颌下腺结石的诊断价值。