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Experimental, clinical and epidemiologic studies have provided strong evidence that physical training has beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that exercise increases coronary blood flow and myocardial perfusion. Importantly, training also can stimulate angiogenesis and accelerate collateral vessel growth in animal models with coronary artery occlusion. Cardiac adaptation such as increased vascularity or capillary density has been evidenced after regular endurance exercises. More recently, several studies indicate that physical training induces high levels of myocardial heat shock protein and antioxidant protein expression, which may play an important role in myocardial protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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KEY POINTS· A low-carbohydrate diet in athletes impairs their exercise tolerance and their ability to beneficially adapt to long-term physical training.
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第45课运动员12导联心电图解释的建议
Electrocardiogram changes in athletes are common and usually reflect structural and electrical remodelling of the heart as an adaptation to regular physical training (athlete's heart).However, abnormalities of athlete's ECG may be an expression of an underlying heart disease which carries a risk of SCD during sport.It is important that ECG abnormalities resulting from intensive physical training and those potentially associated with an increased cardiovascular risk are correctly distinguished.The athlete's ECG changes are divided into two groups: common and training-related and training-unrelated.
