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延迟甲醛固定对乳腺生物标记物表达的影响
迟甲醛固定可能会导致激素受体的失活和HER2表达的改变.肿瘤标记物的表达缺失会显著影响治疗类型的选择,进而影响其预后.本研究的目的就是为了探讨渐进的延迟甲醛固定对乳腺癌生物标记物表达的影响.方法是切除10例可触及的浸润性乳腺癌标本后立即进行粗略评估,然后把获得的每一例肿瘤标本都平均分为8份,其中7份依次于0 min、10 min、30 min、1 h、2 h、4 h和8 h后行甲醛固定,另外一份置于生理盐水中并在4 ℃下过夜.
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Intradermal administration of formalin to the cheek induces itch as well as pain behaviors in rats
Objective· Formalin is a classic and most widely used algogenic substance,but its itchy effect is not clear.The present study aims to explore the hypothesis that formalin may induce itch as well as pain.Methods· Flinching,as well as licking and forelimb wiping of the site of injection were counted as pain responses,whereas biting and hind paw scratching of the cheek were counted as itchy responses.To discriminate formalin-induced sensations in rats,the irritant (saline as control) was injected,and then pain and itchy responses were recorded.Results · Intraplantar injection of formalin elicited biphasic behavior responses characterized as flinching,as well as biting or licking of the hind paw without significant gender differences.Following intradermal administration of formalin to the cheek,rats exhibited episodic forelimb wiping of the cheek,representative of pain.No gender difference was noticed for this type of behavior.In addition,episodes of hind paw scratches of the cheek,representative of pruritoceptive responses,also occurred.Interestingly,hind paw scratches appeared to be more pronounced in male than in female rats.Conclusion · Intradermal administration of formalin elicits pruritoceptive as well as nociceptive responses in rats.
关键词： formalin cheek model Itch Pain
