AIM To establish a relevant animal model of human gastrointestinal cancer, which can be used forrepetitive investigations and may improve our understanding of carcinogenesis and cancer metastasis.METHODS Intact tissue of human colorectal and pancreatic cancers was transplanted in nude mice. Thebiological characteristics of the original and corresponding transplanted tumors were investigated by HEstaining, PAS staining and immunostaining. The metastases in livers and lungs of the nude mice wereinvestigated by immunostaining with biotinylated mab KL-1 and by RT-PCR using CK20 specific primers.RESULTS Nine of 16 surgical specimens grew in the nude mice subcutaneously and/or orthotopically (4 of6 colorectal and 5 of 10 pancreatic cancer). Tumor cell content of the specimens and freezing of tissuespecimens are important factors influencing the growth of transplanted tumor. In the group of fresh tumortissues with greater than 50% tumor cell content, transplantation rate was 100% (3 cases of pancreatic cancerand 3 cases of colorectal cancer). The orthotopically transplanted tumors resembled the original tumormorphologically and biologically, including TAA expression such as CEA by immunohistochemistry, andCEA level in the serum of mice. Ki-67 labeling index and the expression of TAA especially K-ras, 17-1A and RA-96, were associated with the potential of tumor growth in nude mice. Micrometastases in the lungs andlivers of tumor bearing mice could be detected by immunostaining with biotinylated mab KL-1 and CK20-sepcific RT-PCR.CONCLUSION An orthotopic transplantation model for human colon and pancreatic cancer in nude micehas been established. The sensitive detection methods with CK-immunohistochemistry and CK20-RT-PCRwere also established to study xenotransplanted human cancer and its metastatic cancer cells in the liver andlung of nude mice. This study may be helpful in understanding the mechanism of cancer metastasis and indeveloping new diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies for metastases.Acknowledgement The authors thank Dr. J. Luettges, Department of Pathology; Kiel University, for investigating thepathological characterics of the specimens; Dr. N. Zawazawa, Institute of Immunology, Kiel University, for the quantitativemeasurement of serum of CEA.

The principle of surgical treatment for gastric cancer is the radical resectioning although the suitable resecting range for different cases of gastric cancer is still being argued upon[1-9]. However, the diagnostic accuracy of early gastric cancer (EGC) without lymphatic metastasis has obviously improved with an improvement in the diagnostic technique and due to the accumulation of knowledge on the biological profiles of EG C[10-17]. The D2 lymph node excision was used as a regular operation to treat the EGC previously. But the concept for the EGC without lymphatic metastasis has gradually changed and the less invasive resections has been applied in some cases[18-20]. This study aimed at investigating the risk factors of lymphatic metastasis in EGC in order to find out the proofs for the suitable indications for less invasive operations such as endoscopic mucosal resectioning (EMR), laparoscopic and laparotomic resectioning.

AIM To investigate the expression of integrins in rats liver during 3 '-Me-DAB induced hepatocarcinogenesis and to find out the relationship between integrins and liver cancer metastasis.METHODS The expressions of integrins α1, α2,α3 and α5 and epidermal keratin (EK) were observed by immunohistochemical PAP method.RESULTS In the normal liver tissues,hepatocytes express integrins α1 and α5 and in the bile duct epithlium, EK. In liver cirrhosis,hepatocytes highly express integrins α1, α2, α3 and α5 and in hyperplsstic bile duct epithelium,integrins α1, α5 and EK. Expression of integrins α1, α2, α3 and α5 were obviously decreased in the preneoplsstic nodules and primary carcinoma but expressions of integrins α1 and α5 in metastasis in the lung and diaphragme were higher than those in primary carcinoma.CONCLUSION Integrins α1 and α5 may play a major role in chemically induced hepatocarcinogenssis and metastasis in rats.

脊柱转移癌的术前评估和手术方式评价

脊柱是恶性肿瘤骨转移常见的部位[1]，约占骨转移的2/3。有尸检报告显示70%的癌症患者伴有脊柱转移。其中，伴有脊髓压迫的脊柱转移癌患者占5%～14%[2]。近年来，随着检测技术的进步，尤其是 PET/CT的使用，脊柱转移癌的确诊率不断提高。在治疗方面，脊柱转移癌患者的管理理念也发生了转变，从单纯放、化疗逐渐演变为在放、化疗的基础上，积极进行外科手术治疗。试验证明，这种联合治疗比既往的单纯放、化疗对改善患者生存质量更有优势[3]。

甲状腺滤泡癌多发胸椎转移一例

分化型甲状腺癌包括甲状腺乳头癌和滤泡癌，其中甲状腺滤泡癌生长缓慢，其发病率远低于甲状腺乳头癌，而且体积小、生长缓慢，常无明显的局部恶性表现。然而Do等[1]研究发现甲状腺滤泡癌的骨转移发生率(6. 8%)明显高于甲状腺乳头癌的骨转移发生率(0. 4%)。临床上甲状腺滤泡癌骨转移的好发部位以肋骨、髂骨和胸骨多见，以溶骨性病变为主。骨转移会引发骨痛、病理性骨折和脊髓压迫等并发症，患者的生活质量将受到严重的影响[2]。同时，甲状腺滤泡癌骨转移患者的10年生存率为13%～21%[3]。因此，对甲状腺滤泡癌骨转移的早期诊断和治疗非常重要。2013年12月9日，我科收治1例甲状腺滤泡癌多发胸椎转移病例，现报道如下。

Objective:To identify differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in the metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer.
Methods:An in vitro invasion assay was performed to validate the invasive capability of SKOV3 and SKOV3.ip1 cell lines. Total RNA was then extracted, and microarray analysis was performed. Moreover, nine lncRNAs were selected for validation using RT-qPCR.
Results:Compared with the SKOV3 cells, the SKOV3.ip1 cells significantly improved in the in vitro invasive activity. Of the 4,956 lncRNAs detected in the microarray, 583 and 578 lncRNAs were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in SKOV3.ip1 cells, compared with the parental SKOV3 cells. Seven of the analyzed lncRNAs (MALAT1, H19, UCA1, CCAT1, LOC645249, LOC100128881, and LOC100292680) confirmed the deregulation found by microarray analysis. Conclusion:LncRNAs clusters were differentially expressed in ovarian cancer cells with varying metastatic potentials. This result indicates that some lncRNAs might exert a partial or key role in epithelial ovarian cancer metastasis. Further studies should be conducted to determine the roles of these lncRNAs in ovarian cancer metastasis.

This study sought to assess the prognostic signiifcance of the degree of extranodal extension (ENE) and several other risk factors in pathological ENE penile carcinoma. We analyzed prospectively collected data on a consecutive series of 31 chemotherapy-naive patients with proven ENE who underwent therapeutic regional lymphadenectomy. Postoperative external radiotherapy was then performed. We studied the extent of ENE utilizing a novel grading system and correlated patient grades with their outcome measures. ENE was graded as 1-if the capsule of the lymph node (LN) was ruptured less than one-third of its circumference or 2 - if the capsule was disrupted more than one-third of its circumference or the entire LN was disrupted. We estimated overall survival (OS) using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis was performed according to the Cox proportional hazards model using factors that were identiifed as statistically signiifcant in univariate analysis. The incidence rate of ENE was 51.8%in patients with pathological node-positive carcinoma of the penis. The median OS and 5-year survival were 18 months (95%conifdence interval (CI), 14.4-21.6) and 23%, respectively. Prognostic variables on univariate analysis were ENE grade 2,≥3 LNs with ENE, maximal LN≥35 mm,≥5 positive LNs and pelvic LN involvement. On multivariate analysis, only ENE grade 2 remained associated with decreased OS (hazard ratio (HR):6.50). In conclusion, patients with ENE have a poor outcome, and ENE grade 2 is an independent predictive factor of poor OS in patients with pathological ENE penile carcinoma.

生物活性肽抑制肿瘤转移的研究进展

肿瘤转移是一个相当复杂的过程,涉及肿瘤细胞、血管内皮细胞与细胞外基质(extracellular matrix, ECM)的相互作用和血小板瘤栓的形成.现已明确,细胞与ECM的作用是由于细胞表面的整合素等分子能特异地识别ECM分子的某些氨基酸序列,并与之结合;血小板表面存在大量Ⅱb/β3整合素,当被激活后识别纤维蛋白的某些氨基酸序列,与纤维蛋白结合形成血栓.