中国高血压防治指南2010

序言高血压是常见的慢性病,也是心脑血管病主要的危险因素,其脑卒中、心肌梗死、心力衰竭及慢性肾脏病等主要并发症,不仅致残、致死率高,而且严重消耗医疗和社会资源,给家庭和国家造成沉重负担.国内外的实践证明,高血压是可以预防和控制的疾病,降低高血压患者的血压水平,可明显减少脑卒中及心脏病事件,显著改善患者的生存质量,有效降低疾病负担.

This is an expert consensus on the evaluation and treatment of thoracolumbar spinal injury, estab-lished from February 2009 to July 2010. The expert consensus consists mainly of six parts with a total of 54 recommendations including the overview (one item);pre-hospital care (one item);evalu-ation and diagnosis (13 items);treatment (23 items); prevention and treatment of major complica-tions (12 items);and rehabilitation (four items). This is the first time that Chinese experts have pub-lished a consensus on spine and spinal cord injury. The expert consensus was established based on Delphi methods, literature analysis, and clinical experiences. Each recommendation is supported by and was interpreted using multi-level evidences. The level of agreement with the recommenda-tion among the panel members was assessed as either low, moderate, or strong. Each panel member was asked to indicate his or her level of agreement on a 5-point scale, with “1” corre-sponding to neutrality and“5”representing maximum agreement. Scores were aggregated across the panel members and an arithmetic mean was calculated. This mean score was then translated into low, moderate, or strong. After al of the votes were col ected and calculated, the results showed no low-level recommendations, 10 moderate-level recommendations, and 44 strong-level recom-mendations. An expert consensus was reached and was recognized by Chinese spine surgeons. Wide-scale adoption of these recommendations is urgent in the management of acute thoracol-umbar spine and spinal cord injury in a broader attempt to create a standard evaluation and treat-ment strategy for acute thoracolumbar spine and spinal cord injury in China.

欧洲睡眠中心认证标准

Objective: This document describes guidelines for accreditation of Sleep Medicine Centres in Europe. These guidelines are the result of a consensus procedure, in which represent atives of the European Sleep Research Society ( ESRS) and representatives of different European National Sleep Societies ( ENSS) were involved. The information obtained during different rounds of consultation was gathered and processed by the members of the Steering Committee of the ESRS. The scope of the guide-lines is to define the characteristics of multidisciplinary Sleep Medicine Centres ( SMCs) , in terms of requirements regarding staff, operational procedures and logistic facilities. Accredita tion of SMCs is proposed to be the responsibility of the individual ENSS. The Accreditation Guidelines may thus be considered an instrument for the national societies to develop new or standardize existing accreditation questionnaires, as well as procedures for visiting the site, drafting the accreditation report, and finally, granting the accreditation. The Accreditation Guidelines are meant to be a line of action, that ideally should be followed as close as possible, but that may be subject to certain exceptions, depending on local customs or regulations.