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抗癌药紫杉醇的神经毒性和耳毒性
紫杉醇(Paclitaxel,商品名Taxol)是从红豆杉科红豆杉属植物中提取得到的二萜类化合物,分子式为C47H51NO14.1963年,美国化学家瓦尼和沃尔从一种生长在美国西部大森林中的太平洋杉的树皮和木材中分离到紫杉醇粗提物,在筛选实验中发现其具有很强的抗肿瘤活性.
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紫杉醇前药的开发与临床研究进展
紫杉醇(Paclitaxel,Taxol),紫杉-11-烯-9-酮,5β环氧化-1,2α,4,7β,10β,13α-六羟基-4,10-二乙酸酯-2-苯甲酸酯-β[(2'R,3'S)-N-苯甲酰-3'-苯基异丝氨酸酯],分子式C47H51,NO14,相对分子质量为853.9,是从太平洋杉树Taxuabrevifalia的树皮中分离得到的一种微管稳定剂[1],对多种癌症具有明显的治疗作用.
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Taxol对缺氧培养乳鼠心肌细胞Cx43蛋白表达及分布的影响
目的:观察微管稳定剂Taxol对缺氧导致的培养乳鼠心肌细胞Cx43表达和分布的影响.方法:差速贴壁梯度离心法分离培养乳大鼠心肌细胞,取培养4d细胞缺氧120 min,分别以不同浓度的Taxol干预;免疫印迹法检测聚合态微管蛋白含量、心肌细胞Cx43的蛋白表达,免疫荧光染色后激光共聚焦显微镜观察Cx43的分布.结果:正常培养心肌细胞Cx43分布在核膜和细胞的闰盘处,缺氧120 min可导致心肌细胞微管解聚,Cx43蛋白表达降低,在心肌细胞间连接处分布规律散失,核膜Cx43分布减弱或消失,而均匀分布在细胞膜上;在低剂量的Taxol作用下,心肌1细胞微管解聚状态缓解,Cx43蛋白表达和分布异常明显改善;随着Taxol剂量增加,这种改善作用更明显,呈现剂量依赖性.结论:缺氧引起乳鼠心肌细胞微管解聚,Cx43蛋白表达降低分布紊乱,微管稳定剂Taxol可以显著地保护缺氧导致的心肌Cx43异常,具有潜在的抗缺血性心律失常价值.
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紫杉醇的研究概况与进展
"红豆杉"俗称紫杉,全世界共11种,分布于北半球的温带至亚热带.1992年起美国食品药品管理局批准紫杉醇产品(商品名为Taxol)上市,用于治疗其他抗癌药物无效的晚期卵巢癌和晚期乳腺癌.
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紫杉醇纳米粒制剂的含量测定方法研究
紫杉醇(Paclitaxel,Taxol)是从红豆杉属植物紫杉的树干和树皮中提取的一种天然抗癌药物,临床研究已经证实了紫杉醇在抗多种实体肿瘤,包括乳癌、晚期卵巢癌、肺癌、脑部和颈部肿瘤以及急性白血病等方面都有重要而显著的作用[1].
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紫杉醇放疗增敏在头颈部肿瘤治疗中的临床运用
紫杉醇(paclitaxel,商品名taxol泰素)是一种由红豆杉属植物的树皮和针叶中提取的化合物,是近年来研究开发出的化学结构新颖、作用机理独特的新型抗肿瘤药.
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Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of different neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the locally cervical cancer.Methods:A total of 85 patients with cervical cancer for the initial treatment who were admitted in our hospital from January, 2011 to January, 2013 were included in the study and divided into the observation group and the control group according to different chemotherapy regimens. The way of drug administration is by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). The patients in the observation group were given Taxol in combined with carboplatin for neoadjuvant chemotherapy, while the patients in the control group were given irinotecan in combined with carboplatin. The remission degree of clinical symptoms, chemotherapeutic effect, toxic and side effect, and operation evaluation 14 and 20 days after chemotherapy were evaluated.Results:The comparison of clinical symptom remission between the two groups was not statistically significant. The occurrence rate of myelosuppression in III-IV degree in the observation was significantly higher than that in the control group, but the occurrence rate of diarrhea was significantly lower than that in the control group. The comparisons of operation time and intraoperative amount of bleeding after chemotherapy between the two groups were not statistically significant. The comparisons of the occurrence rates of parametrial infiltration and lymphatic metastasis and the muscular layer invasion depth were not statistically significant.Conclusions:Arterial embolism neoadjuvant chemotherapy can obviously shorten the tumor volume in patients with local cervical cancer, relieve the clinical symptoms, and enhance the living qualities, but in the clinical application, appropriate chemotherapy regimen should be chosen according to the specific condition.