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单节段与短节段椎弓根内固定治疗胸腰段单椎体骨折的疗效比较
现已广泛开展的后路短节段椎弓根钉内固定术(shortsegment peclicle instrumentation,SSPI)尽管较长节段固定优越,但仍存在内固定失败、矫正丢失、多融合一个节段、加速邻近节段退变等不足,且有学者认为随着融合节段的增多,邻近关节突关节退变愈严重~([1]).近年来,为进一步减少融合节段,有学者开展了后路单节段椎弓根钉内固定术(monosegment pedicle instrumentation,MSPI)~([2]).本文回顾性分析自2003年3月至2006年6月我院对91例胸腰椎骨折患者分别采用伤椎置钉单节段椎弓根内固定~([3])与短书段椎弓内固定椎间植骨融合的治疗情况,疗效满意,现报告如下.
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三椎体六枚椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎单椎体爆裂性骨折
对于胸腰椎单椎体爆裂性骨折常规行短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定技术,即伤椎的上位正常椎体和下位正常椎体各使用2枚椎弓根螺钉(3椎体4枚螺钉)固定进行纵向撑开,达到复位,术中易出现复位高度不够,术后恢复过程中出现内固定失败,复位高度丢失.
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寰椎爆裂性骨折的治疗探讨
寰椎爆裂性骨折也称为Jeffersons骨折,是头部受到垂直方向应力作用的结果,可造成高位颈段脊髓损伤及椎动脉损伤而危及生命.上颈段解剖结构复杂,位置深在,手术具有高难度及高风险性,由于影像学的发展及对该类损伤的深入认识,临床诊断水平有所提高,漏诊率大大降低,认为只要合理及时治疗,可取得较好的疗效.自2003年2月至2008年7月我科共收治寰椎爆裂性骨折患者23例,现报告如下.
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Objective: To observe pressure changes in the spinal canal of the vertebrarium subjected to impact. From the point of view of impact, pressure changes and spinal cord injuries, the relationship between the type of spinal fracture and the severity of spinal cord injuries were analyzed and some experimental data were provided for early evaluation of severity of spinal cord injuries. Methods: An experimental model of spinal burst fracture was made with Type BIM-I bio-impact machine and techniques of high velocity vertical loading in static pattern and stress shielding were adopted. Vertebral sections T10-L4 taken from fresh cadavers were impacted and pressure changes in the spinal canal were observed. The types and severity of spinal fracture were studied with gross and radiography examination. Results: Great positive pressure wave (wave A) in the spinal canal of the 4 vertebral specimens with burst fracture was recorded. The peak value of pressure was correlated with the severity of posterior column injuries. Generally, the peak value of pressure was low in the samples with posterior column injuries, but high in the samples without injuries. The predominant features of fractures were burst fractures of vertebral body and severe destruction of the skeletal and fiber structure of the spinal canal. Positive and negative pressure waves (wave B) were recorded in 2 vertebral samples in which no significant abnormal changes were found by radiography examination, however, a little liquid effusion in the vertebral body was found by gross examination. Conclusions: The type of pressure wave in the spinal canal is related to the deformation or the destruction of the spinal canal structure. The peak value of the pressure is non-linearly related to the obstruction in the spinal canal, but related to posterior column injuries.