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努力提高对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的警觉及诊治水平
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)或阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)是一种慢性睡眠呼吸疾病,是近年来呼吸疾病临床和研究的新领域.其特征是睡眠状态中反复发生上气道完全或不完全阻塞,伴有间断的低氧血症或合并高碳酸血症、睡眠结构紊乱等,主要临床症状是睡眠过程中打鼾、呼吸暂停或憋醒,晨起头痛,日间嗜睡,疲劳,记忆力下降等.
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从结构负荷谈睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征治疗方法的选择
目前认为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)是在不同程度呼吸道解剖结构异常的基础上,上呼吸道和(或)呼吸肌神经-肌肉代偿功能失调所致[1-2].
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1例淀粉样变继发重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸障碍病人的护理
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)发病率占成人的2%~4%,已日益受到重视.OSAHS病人由于长期存在夜间低氧血症、高碳酸血症和睡眠障碍,可以引起多系统、多器官的慢性损伤[1].原发性淀粉样变性是由于浆细胞产生的大量轻链免疫球蛋白沉积于各组织器官,导致组织形态学改变和器官功能衰竭,引起相应临床表现的一组器质性疾病.该病罕见,国外报道其发生率为住院病人的0.45%~0.50%,国内尚无发生率的准确统计[2].淀粉样变在舌体可表现为进行性肥大,终导致睡眠呼吸障碍.我科于2011年2月收治1例重度OSAHS伴舌体肥大病人,舌体活检示舌体淀粉样变,后行正颌手术,由于OSAHS病人多伴有高血压、肥胖、高血脂、脂肪肝、隐性冠心病等情况,故其围术期治疗具有一定危险性和特殊性.除需加强各种预防措施外,良好的围术期护理对提高病人的安全亦具有重要的意义.现将其护理介绍如下.
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阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与内分泌的关系
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)是一种常见疾病,其特点为睡眠时因咽部部分或全部塌陷和上气道短暂阻塞所致呼吸暂停或呼吸表浅反复发作而一再出现低氧血症和高碳酸血症.
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比较西地那非与连续气道正压通气治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者的勃起功能障碍:疗效、安全性和患者满意度
Aim: To assess the efficacy of sildenafil and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the treatment of concurrent erectile dysfunction (ED) with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and to gauge the level of treatment satisfaction in patients and their partners. Methods: Forty men were treated for 12 weeks with sildenafil 100 mg (20 men) or CPAP during nighttime sleep (20 men). Treatment efficacy was assessed by the rate of successful intercourse attempts,and satisfaction with treatment was assessed by patients' and partners' answers to question 1 of the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction. Results: Under sildenafil, 128 of 249 (51.4%) intercourse attempts were successful; under CPAP, 51 of 193 (26.9%) attempts were successful (Cp < 0.001). Erectile function was improved in both groups. After sildenafil and CPAP treatment, the mean International Index for Erectile Function domain scores were 14.3 and 10.8, respectively (Bp = 0.025), compared to 7.8 and 7 at baseline, respectively. CPAP and sildenafil were well tolerated. Sporadic episodes of nasal dryness under CPAP and transient headache and flushing under sildenafil were not significant. Fifty percent of patients treated with sildenafil and 25% with CPAP were satisfied with the treatment, and their partners were equally satisfied. The satisfaction scores for both patients and partners under sildenafil were superior to those under CPAP (Cp < 0.002). Conclusion: Both sildenafil 100 mg and CPAP, used separately, had positive therapeutic impact but sildenafil was superior. Patients and their partners were more satisfied with sildenafil for the treatment of ED. However, because of the high proportion of dissatisfied men and partners, new therapeutic agents or a combination of the two methods must be studied further.