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脐血干细胞在骨组织工程学中的应用
骨组织工程学是综合生命科学和工程学原理,通过将体外培养的组织细胞与人工或生物性支架复合构建植骨材料,用于解决骨折及骨缺损的修复和重建问题.
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腺病毒载体在骨组织工程中应用的研究进展
近年来骨组织工程学的迅速发展为骨组织损伤修复提供了新的思路和方法,其内容主要包括以下几个方面:(1)具有成骨潜能的细胞成分;(2)能够诱导细胞增殖和分化的细胞因子;(3)提供细胞依附并引导细胞生长的基质支架;(4)起阻挡和引导作用的生物膜.其中细胞因子的作用越来越突出,有学者直接将骨形成蛋白(bone morphogenetic protein, BMP)、转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor-β TGF-β)、骨保护素(osteoprotegein, OPG)等因子注射到骨缺损区来修复骨缺损,收到了一定的效果 [1,2].
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肌源性干细胞在骨组织工程中的应用研究进展
近年来,随着组织工程学的迅猛发展,利用组织工程学的原理和方法以再生组织甚至器官的特点和优势得到广泛认可.在众多组织工程的研究中,骨组织工程被认为是目前具前途和町行性的领域之一[1].
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转基因技术在骨组织工程修复骨缺损中的应用
长期以来,自体骨移植被广泛应用于临床治疗骨缺损.自体松质骨移植可以提供骨自然愈合过程所需的各种要素:成骨干细胞、骨传导基质、一系列骨生长因子,因而成为衡量骨移植替代物的金标准,但存在骨源量小等种种缺点[1,2,3].众多实验已证明:组织工程化骨包含自体松质骨的基本要素,组织工程化骨能够较好地修复骨缺损.
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大鼠颅骨缺损模型在骨组织工程中的应用
目前,颅、颌面骨缺损的修复对于整形外科和口腔颌面外科的治疗仍是挑战[1].用于修复骨缺损的骨移植材料若想应用于临床,必须要具备可充分提高体内骨愈合能力的组织学证据,而通过不同方法将不同的骨移植材料进行动物实验不失为一种行之有效的检测方法.但如果在实验动物模型的选择上缺乏一致性,则很难客观地比较各种移植物之间的修复效果,只有采用标准动物模型才能有效地对其效果进行评估[2].颅骨因缺少肌肉组织,血液供应及骨再生能力均较差[3],所以可用于进行骨缺损部位骨移植材料修复效果的分析.
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Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have great potential due to their proliferation and differentiation capability. The objectives of this study were to generate iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs), and investigate iPSC-MSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation on calcium phosphate cement (CPC) containing biofunctional agents for the first time. Human iPSCs were derived from marrow CD34+ cells which were reprogrammed by a single episomal vector. iPSCs were cultured to form embryoid bodies (EBs), and MSCs migrated out of EBs. Five biofunctional agents were incorporated into CPC:RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptides, fibronectin (Fn), fibronectin-like engineered polymer protein (FEPP), extracellular matrix Geltrex, and platelet concentrate. iPSC-MSCs were seeded on five biofunctionalized CPCs:CPC-RGD, CPC-Fn, CPC-FEPP, CPC-Geltrex, and CPC-Platelets. iPSC-MSCs on biofunctional CPCs had enhanced proliferation, actin fiber expression, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization, compared to control. Cell proliferation was greatly increased on biofunctional CPCs. iPSC-MSCs underwent osteogenic differentiation with increased alkaline phosphatase, Runx2 and collagen-I expressions. Mineral synthesis by iPSC-MSCs on CPC-Platelets was 3-fold that of CPC control. In conclusion, iPSCs showed high potential for bone engineering. iPSC-MSCs on biofunctionalized CPCs had cell proliferation and bone mineralization that were much better than traditional CPC. iPSC-MSC-CPC constructs are promising to promote bone regeneration in craniofacial/orthopedic repairs.