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恶性胸腔积液的治疗
Introduction Malignant pleural effusions ( MPEs) are defined as an abnormal amount of pleural fluid accumulation in the pleural space and are the result of an imbalance between excessive pleural fluid formation and slower pleural fluid absorption.They are caused by a variety of mechanisms including tumor obstruction of lymphatic flow, spread of malignant cells via the systemic circulation, and tumor invasion of the pulmonary arterioles[1] .
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无症状孤立性膀胱子宫内膜异位症误诊为膀胱肿瘤一例
Endometriosis,defined as the presence of functionally active endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity and a benign condition,shares many malignancy biological behavior .The most common location is pelvic region,especially the ovaries and the broad ligaments.Occasionally the condition can involves urinary tract and the bladder is 84% of all urinary tract endometriosis,followed by ureter (15%), kidney (4%), and urethra (2%).
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我国儿科临床科学研究的现状与思考
Various definitions have been given to the term "scientific research". It is described as " pursuing truth and exploring knowledge", " critical thinking to develop knowledge", or " collection, synthesis, and analysis of information" . In China, the Ministry of Education proposed that scientific research is to "promote and apply knowledge to invent new techniques and provide creative work". Based on the definitions given above, we describe scientific research as " to explore what we do not know, and to collect, analyze, distinguish, apply, and evaluate what we have known". It is characterized by innovation and non-replication, which involve discontinued and complicated exploration. According to this definition, medical scientific research is therefore defined as investigating the nature of human life and rules of illness, as well as seeking methods to prevent and treat diseases, and improve people's health.
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对《中国现代神经疾病杂志》开辟"临床应用神经解剖学"栏目的期待和祝词
"The constituent components of microneurosurgical concepts can be defined as follows: availability of appropriate tools, instruments, and equipment, thorough training in a laboratory dedicated to microneurosurgery to acquire broader neuroanatomical perspectives, and to adapt to the operating microscope while perfecting microsurgical techniques and improving skills with tools, instruments and equipment; finally, establishing teamwork and interactive dialog with neuroradiologists, neuroanesthesiologists, neuropathologists and neurosurgical nurses in the OR, ICU and ward to promote optimal care of patients."
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2001-2009年抗生素使用情况与铜绿假单胞菌耐药性的相关关系
本研究调查分析了山西医科大学第二医院2011-2009年铜绿假单胞菌对抗生素的耐药率变化及抗生素的使用情况,探讨分析了抗生素使用与耐药率之间的关系.1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料抗生素的消耗数据来自山西医科大学第二医院2001-2009年的药库支出,按抗生素的化学名分别统计其规格、单价、限定日剂量(defined daily dose,DDD)值、销售金额及用药频度DDDS,然后分类汇总.
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Drug holidays and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
The concept of ‘drug holidays’ (defined as "...the structured interruption of pharmacological treatment..."[1]) in the management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is well established,but poorly researched[1].The question is whether there is indeed a justifiable basis for the practice.In the opinion piece by Professors Du and Wang[2],they argue that on the balance of available evidence it is not justified.Herein lies the issue-the evidence.In reality significant numbers of parents both report side effects[3] and stop medication intermittently[1],and many sufferers stop treatment prematurely[4] (generally due to adverse effects).
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美国商业医疗保险模式的发展
2002年"福利管理论坛"传达了这样的理念:福利产业的发展应迈入"固定投入(defined contribution,DC)"的时代,也就是实行"消费者主导型医疗保健(consumer driven/directed health care,CDHC)".
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第47课评价心脏同步化治疗疗效的现有标准一致性不足
Predicting whether a patient will benefit, or "respond," to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been the focus of more than 500 publications during the last 5 years; however, the definition of response to CRT varies widely between studies, and numerous criteria to define a positive response1 to CRT exist in the literature."Echocardiographic" response is typically assessed by quantifying the change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) or left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) 3 to 6 months after CRT implantation."Clinical" response is assessed with the increase in the distance walked in 6 minutes or improvement in New York Heart Association(NYHA) functional class 3 to 6 months after CRT implantation.Some studies have defined response to CRT as a combination of several clinical measures or as a combination of both clinical and echocardiographic measures.
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先天性髋脱位治疗后股骨头增大
本文报告先天性髋脱位治疗后155例.平均随访6.7年,发现股骨头直径比对侧大15%以上者34例,开始治疗年龄在5岁以下者占94%,手术治疗比保守治疗发生率高10倍,其中骨盆截骨术占头大组的91.2%,股骨头形态正常者为85.3%,髋臼发育与正常相比无明显差异.其机理系在髋关节发育高峰期,手术促进了股骨近端血运,刺激了骨骺软骨生长.
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耻骨直肠肌的X线定位标志及其临床意义
1970年,在肛门直肠畸形的国际分类会议上(1),提出以直肠盲端与耻骨直肠肌的关系做为分类的基础,将肛门直肠畸形分为高、中、低三型,即盲端高于该肌者为高位畸形;低于该肌者为低位畸形;在该肌之中者为中间位畸形.
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Coronary Artery Fistulas: CT Findings
Normal coronary arteries terminate in broom-like arborizations,which penetrate the myocardium.CAF is defined as a direct precapillary connection between a branch of a coronary artery and the lumen of a cardiac chamber,the coronary sinus or superior vena cava,or a pulmonary artery or pulmonary vein close to the heart.CAF arises from the right coronary artery (RCA) in approximately 50% of patients,the left coronary artery (LCA) in approximately 42% of patients,and both the RCA and LCA in approximately 5% of patients.The most common drainage sites in order of decreasing frequency are the right ventricle (41%),right atrium (26%),pulmonary artery (17%),coronary sinus (7%),left atrium (5%),left ventricle (3%),and superior vena cava (1%).
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Appendicitis
The normal appendix can be seen on CT as a thin-wall tubular structure surrounded by mesenteric fat.It may be collapsed or filled with air, fluid, or contrast material (Fig 1a).The normal appendix does not exceed 6mm in diameter and has a sharp outer contour defined by homogeneous low-density fat (Fig 1b, 1c).The origin of the appendix is between the ileocecal valve and the cecal apex, always on sameside of the cecum as the valve.Approximately one third of appendixes course inferomedially from the cecum, whereas two thirds are retrocecal.