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乙型肝炎病毒基因诊断的临床进展
乙型肝炎是危害严重的传染性疾病,我国的乙型肝炎防治形势严峻.卫生部发布的《2006~2010年全国乙型肝炎防治规划》显示,全国约有6.9亿人曾感染过乙肝病毒,其中1.2亿人长期携带乙肝病毒,目前全国有现患慢性乙肝病人2 000万人.
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乙型肝炎病毒基因型流行病学和临床意义
据世界卫生组织(WHO)估计,全世界约有20亿人感染过乙型肝炎病毒(HBV),其中的3亿5千万人成为病毒携带者.依据郭霍氏原则(Koch's postulate),微生物本身是造成疾病的一个决定因素;从遗传学而言,基因本身又决定了微生物的众多生物行为.
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更多的选择,更多的困惑?——论核苷(酸)类似物抗乙型肝炎病毒药的临床应用
乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)慢性感染的特异性病因治疗已取得显著的进步,从过去对症治疗(如:降酶、"保肝"疗法),过渡到针对性的抗病毒药物.
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慢性乙型肝炎患者肝脏病变与HBV血清学标记的关系
本文对34例光镜证实的慢性乙肝患者(CPH 6例,CAH 28例,其中伴肝硬化10例)进行了HBV血清学标记的观察.重点研究HBV血清学标记与肝组织病理变化之间的关系.发现门脉周碎屑状坏死在DNA-P阳性组较阴性组出现的频率明显增多,而且DNA-P阳性率在CAH组也较CPH组显著增高,P值均
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仙居地区353例乙肝患者HBV基因型分析
目前研究发现HBV毒株因核苷酸序列的差异而分为A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H 8种基因型,且存在一定的种族和地域差异[1],基因型反映了HBV感染自然史发生变异的特点,是病毒变异进化的结果,与疾病的进展预后有一定的关系.为了解仙居地区汉族人群中HBV基因型的分布,我们对353例血清乙型肝炎病毒标志(HBVM)阳性的乙肝患者进行血清HBV基因型检测,结果如下.
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青田县居民乙型肝炎病毒感染情况调查
我国是乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染的高流行区 [1~2],为了解我县居民对HBV免疫水平及分布情况,2007年对我县居民进行了乙型肝炎病毒感染情况的抽样检测,现将结果报告如下.
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Aim The 3' -base specific polymerase chain reaction (3' - BS- PCR) method was established to investigate the relationship between the mutation of precore region of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the liver damage to the patients caused by HBV and the possibility of HBV precore gene integration in liver cells. Mdthods According to the DNA sequence of precore region of HBV, the method of 3' - BS- PCR is applied to analyze the point mutation site 1896 of HBV precore in 126 clinical serum specimens and 23 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients' tissues and serum whose trmors have been surgically excised and pathologically diagnosed. Rdsults The point mutation in site 1896 of HBV precore has been successfully rates of preore gene of HBV in the 23 patients' tissues and serum are 52.2 96 (12/23) and 30.4 96 (7/23) respectively. Conclusion The established method for HBV precore mutation analysis is simple and results can well repeated. It has provided a new approach to clinical HBV research and its relationship to liver damage. The results obtained suggested that HBV precore mutation exists in a wide range among serum and tissue of the patients infected by HBV and HCC patients, and the pre-c gene of HBV can not be detected in the serum of 21.8% of the HCC patients (tissue HBV precore gene positive). We may deduce that there may be the integration of HBV precore gence in the genome of liver cells, which may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of HCC.
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乙型肝炎病毒的垂直传播及其预防
乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染已成为全球性的公共卫生问题.据1996年世界卫生组织的调查结果表明,全世界约5%的母亲为HBV携带者.在孕妇中乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)的携带率为5%~10%.资料表明,HBsAg阳性孕妇所生婴儿,在出生后半年内约40%~50%的HBsAg为阳性;而HBsAg、乙型肝炎e抗原(HBeAg)双阳性孕妇分娩的婴儿约70%~90%发展为HBV慢性携带者.
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拉米夫定对前C区变异乙肝病人的治疗与乙肝病毒基因分型的相关性研究
目前,乙型病毒性肝炎抗病毒治疗的两类药物:拉米夫定、干扰素其疗效已得到公认.HBeAg阴性的慢性乙肝是一种慢性的肝脏疾病,是由变异的乙型肝炎病毒感染造成的,这些患者通常比野毒株感染患者的疾病程度严重,且很容易进展为肝硬化、肝细胞癌.这种类型肝炎对干扰素应答差,且治疗后复发率高.我们针对此类病人使用拉米夫定抗乙肝病毒治疗,治疗前,检测其乙肝病毒基因分型,并在治疗中定期检测其HBV-DNA定量,观察此类病人在基因分型中的分布状况及与拉米夫定的疗效关系.
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庚型肝炎病毒感染对乙型肝炎病毒复制的影响
肝炎病毒的混合感染,常可出现病毒间的干扰现象[1].庚型肝炎病毒(HGV)是1995年底Simons等[2]、Linnen等[3]首先报道的一种与人类肝炎相关的RNA病毒,病毒学和流行病学研究资料业已表明,HGV与乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)混合感染的现象是十分常见的.
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甲肝疫苗对乙肝病毒感染干扰作用的初步观察
为了提供临床治疗新思路,我们对57例慢性乙肝病毒感染者,使用了甲肝疫苗,现报告如下.
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昌江县1~5岁儿童乙肝疫苗接种及乙肝病毒感染的调查
为了解昌江县目前1~5岁儿童开展乙肝疫苗接种及HBsAg携带状况以及血清免疫学效果,于2004年6月8日对昌江县的海尾镇(海农、海渔村)、乌烈镇(峨港村、乌烈村)、叉河镇(唐村、叉河村)进行调查,现将调查报告总结如下.
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乙型肝炎病毒转基因模型小鼠的研究进展
It is vital to build an ideal animal model in studying diseases.This is also true of the case of hepatitis B.It is not only for the study of the infection or pathogenic mechanism of hepatitis B,but for the screening of anti-HBV agents.Tranagenic mouse has been featured as the most idealistic model organisms.This literature review focuses on the methods of establishing tranagenic mice model of hepatitis B virus in human and compares their characteristics.
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乙肝病毒母婴传播的阻断及小儿乙型肝炎治疗的进展
乙型肝炎病毒感染仍然是困扰我国卫生界的重大课题,全国乙肝病毒携带者超过一亿三千万人,每年用于治疗乙肝的经费高达500亿人民币.据2001年5~8月份资料统计仅仅用于宣传抗肝炎药物的广告费用广州市736万元、北京82万元、海口市也有57万元,用于治疗乙肝的费用可见一斑.乙肝迁延变成慢性肝炎引发肝硬化、肝癌的治疗代价就更高,后果也极恶劣.乙型肝炎是严重影响我国人民身体素质的主要传染病,积极预防,合理治疗能为国为民解除沉重的经济负担.
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慢性乙肝病毒感染的诊断和治疗研究动向—与中国学者学术探讨之我见
The infection and its management A high proportion of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, which lead to chronicity rather than being resolved, are infections occuring at birth or early childhood[1]. Despite successful vaccination programs, the number of chronic carriers increases worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops late in the course of a chronic infection, with its concomitant overall decrease in viral replication. However, stages associated with a particularly high risk to develop cancer are not described to this date. A still attractive model for the progression of infection points to a persistence of hepatocytes that contain chromosomally integrated, as well as free viral DNA, over hepatocytes containing only free replicating DNA[2]. Specifically, it is suggested that the process of integration depends on structural differences of replication complexes, whereby newly-synthesized viral DNA is rendered accessible to nucleases. Apart from integrated viral DNA, thus far identified only in tissue material, a marker characteristic of a chronic infection is still lacking. Stages of cryptic replicative or non-replicative HBV infection have been described[3], and are thought to represent either late stages of a chronic infection or cases of infection that has resolved without a preceding phase of chronicity[4].