XGAL-MUG法:饮用水中大肠菌群检测的新方法

大肠菌群是影响饮用水安全的主要因素之一,其检测方法的使用非常重要.为了方便用户对检测方法的选用,本文将传统的LB-BGLB培养基法(简称LB法),MMO-MuG法(简称MMO法),XGAL-MUG法(简称XGAL法)进行了比较.LB法和MMO法都是已被官方采用的方法;XGAL法是采用安科生物制品(上海)有限公司开发的一种显色培养基进行检测的方法.这三种检测方法均适用于桶装饮用水中大肠菌群的检测.

Prenatal alcohol exposure disrupts the development of normal fetal respiratory function, but whether it perturbs respiratory rhythmical discharge activity is unclear. Furthermore, it is un-known whether the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) is involved in the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. In the present study, pregnant female rats received drinking water containing alcohol at concentrations of 0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 8% or 10% (v/v) throughout the gestation period. Slices of the medulla from 2-day-old neonatal rats were obtained to record respiratory rhythmical discharge activity. 5-HT2AR protein and mRNA levels in the pre-B?tzing-er complex of the respiratory center were measured by western blot analysis and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Compared with the 0% alcohol group, respiratory rhythmical discharge activity in medullary slices in the 4%, 8% and 10% alcohol groups was decreased, and the reduc-tion was greatest in the 8% alcohol group. Respiratory rhythmical discharge activity in the 10%alcohol group was irregular. Thus, 8% was the most effective alcohol concentration at attenuating respiratory rhythmical discharge activity. These ifndings suggest that prenatal alcohol exposure attenuates respiratory rhythmical discharge activity in neonatal rats by downregulating 5-HT2AR protein and mRNA levels.

专题报告-S5环境污染与人体健康

Many organic pollutants occur in drinking water in considerable amounts, and mimic or interfere with reproductive development and function. Furthermore, it is not known whether multiple organic pollutants (MOP) from drinking water induce uterotrophic effects.

Arsenic in drinking water is a worldwide health problem that is associated with cardiovascular disease, but the cause is currently unknown. In order to examine whether arsenic affects vasomotor tone in blood vessels, we investigated the effect of arsenic on agonist-induced vasorelaxation and vasoconstriction using the isolated rat aortic rings in in vitro organ bath system.

二连浩特市饮用水水质现状与改善措施

二连浩特市是个新兴的陆地口岸城市,是我国与蒙古、独联体国家及东欧各国进行国际联运和转口贸易的重要通道之一.居住有蒙古、汉、回、朝鲜、达斡尔等民族,它是国内外旅游和外商投资向往的边陲城市.二连浩特市的地势平坦,属典型大陆性气候,年均降水量142毫米,不到全国年均降水量的四分之一是严重干旱缺水地区,饮水水源缺乏,合理、节约用水保护水资源已成了二连浩特市的当务之急.

涉水产品抽检结果分析

为进一步贯彻实施<生活饮用水监督管理办法>,规范涉及饮用水卫生安全产品(以下简称涉水产品)生产企业的生产经营行为,保证涉水产品的卫生安全,维护消费者的合法权益,自1999年开始,卫生部在全国范围内开展了涉水产品的卫生许可批件和卫生质量的卫生监督抽检工作.

饮用水源的卫生问题和对策

近年,饮用水源中有机物对人体健康的影响[1],环境内分泌干扰物的健康影响[2],微囊藻毒素的毒性及健康效应[3]等,成为饮水与健康研究的新热点.因此,如何保证饮用水源的卫生安全,是摆在我们面前的严峻课题.笔者对中山市饮用水源的卫生问题和对策进行探讨.

TMB法测定水源水及饮用水中余氯

饮水消毒后的余氯浓度是衡量饮水是否卫生安全的重要指标之一,而以往大多采用DMB法,但DMB具有致癌作用,检测者长期接触DMB对身体健康有一定的副作用,而3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)却无致癌作用,笔者就TMB的实际应用进行了方法研究,实验表明,TMB用于测定水源水及饮用水中的余氯效果良好,在水中Fe3+和NO2-浓度较低的情况下,可以代替DMB法.

Application of the Population Health Approach to Drinking Water System Surveillance

A drinking water supply is a complicated system in its construction,operation,maintenance and need for public health surveillance.The role of public health in a drinking water supply is to ensure public health protection in all public and community water systems from intake to tap by controlling and preventing outbreaks of infectious diseases,inspecting and monitoring water systems,licensing operating permits,and regulating the construction,alternation or extension of all public and community water systems[1].

义乌市农村分散式供水家庭饮用水水质调查

农村饮水卫生条件的好坏,直接影响着农村人口的健康,也影响着农村经济的发展.近期调查显示,义乌市农村自来水普及率达92.08%,但仍有8%的农村人口采用分散式供水方式,即分散居户直接从水源取水,无任何设施或仅有简易设施供水.这些家庭都备有储水设备以保证正常的用水.王晓峰等[1]调查发现,饮用水存放后水质会发生一定程度的改变,尤其是微生物指标改变较为明显.加之农村地区更容易受到环境卫生以及居民饮用水习惯的直接影响,水质问题更为突出.因此,对义乌市农村家庭储水水质及影响因素的调查将有助于了解义乌市农村居民生活饮用水的卫生状况,为保障农村饮用水安全提供相关依据.

北京奥运会上海赛区生活饮用水安全保障工作实践

重大活动公共卫生保障工作的理论与实践是当前公共卫生领域的重大课题之一.2008年8月举世瞩目的2008北京奥运会在中国举行,其中从8月7日～22日,上海承办了奥运会足球比赛部分赛事.为确保北京奥运会(上海赛区)赛事的顺利进行,上海市卫生部门承担了重要的公共卫生保障任务,其中也包括了生活饮用水安全保障工作.

快速法检测生活饮用水中贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫结果分析

贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫(合称两虫)都是原虫类寄生虫,其中可感染人的主要有肠贾第鞭毛虫和微小隐孢子虫[1].由于贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫的卵囊、孢囊的表面包裹着一层较厚的囊壁,因此,在环境中具有非常强的抵抗力.常规消毒工艺的氯浓度不能有效灭活隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫,它们可通过水厂构筑物进入供水管网,威胁人们健康.美国环保总局1999年就开始对原水进行两虫的检测,中国卫生部在2006年12月29日发布的<生活饮用水卫生标准>(GB5749-2006)中增加了贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫的微生物指标.要求:<1个/10 L水,规定两虫的回收率需≥10%[2].我们采用Filta-Max Xpress快速法检测两虫,现对结果进行分析.

三门县百村农民饮用水工程水质状况分析

水与人体健康的关系非常密切,一方面是维持人体健康的必须因素,另一方面又是传播致病因素的重要介质[1],因饮用受污染的生活饮用水而导致介水传染病爆发的事件屡有发生,严重伤害人民的身体健康,并影响经济的发展[2,3].为了改善三门县农村生活饮用水状况,保障人民身体健康,2006年我县百村农民饮用水项目工程启动.

宁波市北仑区涉水产品对饮用水影响的调查

为提高饮用水的质量,现普遍使用集中式供水办法进行处理.这样便于管理,节约成本;通过沉淀,澄清,消毒等一系列工艺,再通过管道输送到每个用户.

二氧化氯消毒饮用水的研究现况

1811年,英国科学家Humphney Dvay发现了二氧化氯气体,至1850年,欧洲开始用二氧化氯消除水中的臭味,直到20世纪40年代,才发现二氧化氯可用于水的消毒.1974年Rook发现饮用水经传统的氯化消毒后,能生成三卤甲烷,且传统的水处理工艺对大量的有机物和消毒副产品无能为力,因而二氧化氯用于饮用水消毒受到广泛注意,并进行了大量的研究.

饮用水中7种挥发性卤代烃测定的顶空气相色谱法

饮用水中的卤代烃具有挥发性气味,一般通过呼吸、皮肤接触和消化道进入人体,对人体造成危害.饮用水中的挥发性卤代烃一般是由于腐殖质等天然有机物进入水源水,水源水中的有机物经过水厂用液态氯进行水处理后会产生挥发性卤代烃.挥发性卤代烃包括三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、一氯二溴甲烷、二氯一溴甲烷和三溴甲烷等.

陕西省基层疾控机构生活饮用水卫生监测能力调查

生活饮用水水质监测能力是疾病预防工作的重要组成部分,受到各级疾病预防控制中心的重视.为掌握基层疾病预防控制中心实验室的发展状况,以便继续深入开展生活饮用水水质安全监测与实验室的质量控制工作和提高农村饮水安全,为质量检测和工程建设提供必要的技术支撑,于2010年7月,对陕西省基层疾病预防控制中心水质监测能力进行了调查.

荆门市农村饮水监测结果与对策分析

荆门市为省辖市,由于受地理位置、气候特点及水资源形成规律等客观因素的影响,随着经济社会的迅速发展,废、污水大量排放和农村化肥、农药过量使用,生活垃圾及人畜粪便等造成地表水污染日趋严重,并波及地下水.

原子吸收测定饮用水中铜的不确定度评定

据GB/T 15481-2000idtISO/IEC 17025:1999规定[1],校准实验室或进行自校准的检测实验室,对所有的校准和各种校准类型都应具有并应用评定测量不确定度的程序.构成不确定度的来源,包括(不限于)所用的参考标准和标准物质、方法和设备、环境条件、被检测或校准物质的性能和状态以及操作人员.

AIM: Ulinastatin has been reported to be beneficial for maintenance of steroid-refractory inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the mechanism underlying remains uncertain. Leukocyte recruitment to inflammatory site plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD, analysis of leukocyte and endothelium interaction may provide new avenues for treatment of IBD. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of Ulinastatin in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis rat model using intravital video microscopy. METHODS: Rats were given drinking water containing 3.5% (W/V) DSS for 10 days then 1% for 14 days. DSS induced colitis rats were treated Ulinastatin 3 000 unit*kg-1*d-1 via intraperitoneum during 1% DSS feeding. Controls received distilled water for 24 days. Body weight was determined for all groups. Colitis severity was assessed using histological scoring systems by H&E sections. Intravital microscopic techniques were used to quantitate leukocyte adhesion (LA), leukocyte emigration (LE) and venular protein leakage (VPL) in rat mesentery. RESULTS: DSS induced loss of body weight, whereas Ulinastatin-treated rat showed a significant increase in body weight. Histological analysis revealed improvement of colitis such as leukocyte infiltration, loss of goblet cells, transmural edema. DSS intake elicited increase in LA, LE, and VPL compared to control group. Ulinstatin significantly reversed the increase in LA, LE, and VPL induced by DSS. CONCLUSION: Administration of Ulinastatin effectively ameliorates experimental colitis by interfering with leukocyte recruitment, and may become a potential candidate for control of inflammation of IBD.