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妊娠分娩对盆底的损伤及其预防研究进展
女性盆底功能障碍性疾病(female pelvic floor dysfunction,FPFD)主要包括盆腔器官脱垂(pelvic organ prolapse,POP)、尿失禁(urinary incontinence,UI)和粪失禁(fecal incontinence,FI)等,是妇女的常见病,也是影响人类生活质量的五大疾病之一.虽然不会造成生命威胁,但会造成患者生理、心理及社会功能的下降并影响生活质量,同时也会对家庭和社会造成沉重的经济负担.根据近几年有关文献报道,中国女性尿失禁的发病率在18%~28%.
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新疆某市暗娼人群艾滋病相关知识和行为调查
暗娼,即女性性工作者(female sex workers,FSWs),是HIV-1从高危人群传播到一般人群的重要的桥梁人群.我国西部少数民族聚居区FSWs的HIV-1感染率高于中部地区同类人群[1].FSWs人群对AIDS相关知识掌握程度及高危行为对HIV-1感染有直接影响.
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妇科恶性肿瘤患者治疗后性功能评定及康复疗效观察
女性性功能障碍(female sexual dysfunction,FSD)[1],包括性欲低下、性唤起障碍、性高潮障碍和性交疼痛等[2].妇科肿瘤及手术为FSD重要发生因素[3].但相关研究仪限于简单的调查与分析[4].本研究旨在通过对妇科恶性肿瘤患者性功能评定和康复疗效观察以提供临床康复参考.
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女性急性下腹痛超声鉴别诊断的临床视角
急性下腹疼痛是临床申请妇科超声检查常见的原因,其病因有多种,妇科学病因常见卵巢囊肿、盆腔炎性病变、异位妊娠、卵巢扭转、附件良性或恶性肿物、子宮内膜异位囊肿等.非妇科学病因较常见阑尾炎、尿路结石、肠道炎性疾病、肠梗阻、肠系膜淋巴结炎及转移性疾病等.
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女性肺腺癌易感性机制的研究进展
肺癌是全球发病率较高的严重危害人类健康的恶性肿瘤.20世纪90年代西方发达国家男性肺癌的发病率和病死率开始缓慢下降,而女性肺癌的发病率和病死率仍在持续上升[1].大量研究结果证实,吸烟为肺癌发病的主要原因,与鳞癌的发生有关.而女性无论吸烟与否均以腺癌居多,这提示女性本身可能存在某些分子生物学的易感因素,现将有关研究综述如下.
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Clinicopathological Conference(the48th case)Adult gland pituitary hypofunction in an elderly female patient
Case presentation A female patient(a retired worker),68 years old,who complained mainly of "repeated episodes of dizziness,fatigue,vomiting in 6 years,chest tightness,chest pain for 1 year",was admitted to Heart Center,Chaoyang Hospital,Capital Medical University on February 24,2010.The patient suffered from dizziness and fatigue with unknown cause 6 years ago.She ever experienced sudden syncope and loss of conscioueness during visiting Xuanwu Hospital,when she presented with blood pressure of 62/? mmHg and slower heart rate,then her consciousness recoverd spontaneously 1-2 minutes later with no treatment.The head CT and electrocardiogram(ECG)showed no significant abnormality,and she was discharged after symptomatic treatment.Since then,the patient presented with intermittent anorexia,dizziness,nausea,vomiting,non-visual rotation,which were not affected by different body positions.All these symptoms appeared more frequently in winter,lasted for several days,relieved without any treatment.One year ago,the patient began to suffer from chest tightness and chest pain at physical activities.Each attack lasted for 3-5minutes and relieved by rest.In Xuanwu Hospital,the diagnosis of "coronary heart disease,angina pectoris " was established.After oral administration of "Wan Shuang Li" and other meidcations,chest tightness and chest pain appeared accidentally.Ten days ago,the patient experienced dizziness and vomiting(stomach contents,4-5 times a day on average).No visual rotation or tinnitus was accompanied.Twenty-nine hours before admission,the patient suffered from chest distress and chest pain again after 100 meters walking,accompanied with shoulder dispersion and sweating;the symptoms relieved after resting for 3-5 minutes.For further treatment,the patient visited Heart Center,Chaoyang Hospital.ECG showed "sinus bradycardia",and she was admittied for "arrhythmia".Since the onset,the patient displayed low blood pressure,slow heart rate,Susceptibility to coldness,frailty,poor appetite and sleep,normal stool.The body mass decreased by about 5kg over the past decade.
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Acute anterior wall myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shook in an elderly female patient
Case presentation A 73-year-old female was admitted into the Institute of Geriatric Cardiology,Chinese PLA General Hospital because of sudden chest pain accompanied with nausea and vomiting for 15 hours.At 3:00 on August 14th,2011,the patient suddenly suffered from severe chest pain accompanied with perspiration,nausea,vomiting,and cold extremities,but she was under normal conscious level.In the emergency room,electrocardiogram(ECG) at 18:00 showed ST segment elevation on the precordial leads.Cardiac biochemical markers increased proportionally.The patient had a history of hypertension for 10 years which was poorly controlled,chronic bronchitis for several years,cerebral ischemia attack one month ago,and diarrhea one day before admission.She denied any history of smoking,alcohol drinking,or illicit drugs use.
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体外受精-胚胎移植妊娠合并急性粟粒性肺结核五例
近年来结核病发病率有上升趋势,女性生殖器结核(female genital tuberculosis,FGT)的发病率也在同步递增.文献报道女性原发不孕患者中罹患盆腔结核者占25%[1-2],常见的受累部位是输卵管,由于其病变局限,临床症状及体征缺乏特异性,单纯通过诊断性刮宫和腹腔镜检查容易漏诊.
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特发性婴儿动脉钙化症一例
SE REPORTA female infant, 30 min after birth, was transferred to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from the Department of Obstetrics on October 7th, 2006 because of anasarca and no spontaneous breath. The infant was born to her mother at gravida 3, para 3, and her gestational age was 34 weeks. She was delivered by cesarean section because of intrauterine distress and polyhydramnios. Prenatal color Doppler flow imaging ( CDFI ) suggested bilateral hydronephrosis and ascites. The Apgar scores were 3 at 1 min and 7 at 5 min. Amniotic fluid was clear but excessive. The infant had anasarca, cyanosis and had no spontaneous breath at birth. She was admitted to the NICU after tracheal intubation.
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女运动员三联征研究进展
1992年,美国运动医学会(ACSM)首次提出了女运动员三联征(female athlete triad,FAT)这一概念,具体包括饮食紊乱、闭经和骨质疏松,由此引起了人们对这一现象的普遍关注[1].随着研究的不断深人,研究者认为原有概念过于狭窄,无法涵盖所有处于FAT患病风险中的女性[2-4].
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成年女性功能性便秘的流行病学研究进展
慢性便秘多指功能性便秘(functional constipation,FC),是一种常见的消化性疾病,在成年女性中有极高的发病率.目前,世界范围内普遍接受的便秘诊断标准是2006年Gastroenterology杂志上发表的针对功能性胃肠病分类的新的罗马Ⅲ标准[1].FC的诊断标准:(1)必须满足以下2条或多条:①排便费力(至少每4次排便中有1次);②排便为块状或硬便(至少每4次排便中有1次);③有排便不尽感(至少每4次排便中有1次);④有肛门直肠梗阻和(或)阻塞感(至少每4次排便中有1次);⑤需要用手协助排便(如手指辅助排便、盆底支撑排便);⑥排便少于每周3次.(2)不用缓泻药几乎没有松软大便.
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苯作业女工血红蛋白健康监护指标的分析
职业性慢性苯中毒的特征是血象异常,早期中毒以白细胞持续降低为主要表现,少数病例可先呈血小板或红细胞数量减少,贫血往往发生较迟[1].目前,我们在实际工作中发现,苯作业女工上岗前体检检出的职业禁忌证人员中,单纯血红蛋白低于110g/L的人群占一定比例.为此,我们随机选择了年龄构成相似的2家大型企业,对体检结果进行了比较分析,现将结果报告如下.
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中药治疗妇女外阴瘙痒症
近年来,我们采用中药熏洗治疗妇女外阴瘙痒症180例,效果满意,现报告如下.
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基层妇幼保健医院手术室与产房合并设置的探讨
床位在100张以下的基层妇幼保健医院,开展业务相对单纯,以孕产妇、婴幼儿保健和妇产科疾病诊治为主.2003年-2006年,笔者参加了我市卫生行政部门组织的手术室管理质量和产科建设达标验收工作,针对验收检杳中12所妇幼保健机构存在的主要问题,提出将手术室与产房合并设置的想法,既节约人力、财力,又能促进手术室和产房医院感染控制措施的落实.
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育龄期女性乙型肝炎病人的整体护理
慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)病人及慢性乙型肝炎病毒携带者(AsC)病程长,具有传染性,加之社会、家庭等因素的影响,病人生理、心理变化复杂,尤其是育龄期女性病人还面临生育压力,如不加以重视,则可能严重影响病人的生活,并产生一系列社会问题[1].因此,在积极治疗的同时进行针对性护理宣教和指导,对其家庭和社会都具有非常重要的意义.我科近3年对200例育龄期女性乙型肝炎病人进行了整体护理初步探索,收到了良好的效果.现介绍如下.
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4种非典型抗精神病药物对女性精神分裂症病人脂代谢的影响
女性精神分裂症病人患糖尿病、血脂异常、肥胖、猝死等并发症的发生率较高.脂代谢异常可能是其主要原因,严重影响病人治疗的依从性.近年来,非典型抗精神病药物已在临床上广泛应用,但对其影响脂代谢异常的对照研究在国内少见报道.
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自制女性胸带在肋骨骨折病人中的应用
肋骨骨折女性病人使用胸带固定胸廓时,由于传统的胸带无男女性别的区分,而女性病人的胸部生理特点又异于男性,常常难于固定或固定后很快松解,无法达到固定胸廓的治疗目的,且外观繁琐凌乱,使较多女性病人难于接受.2007年3月-2008年12月,我们在传统胸带的基础上,结合女性病人胸部生理特点进行了改造,自制了一种女性骨折病人专用胸带,效果满意.现介绍如下.
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护理干预对面部损伤女性病人治疗依从性的影响
面部损伤是临床常见创伤之一,发生面部损伤之后,病人往往担心毁容而产生沉重的精神压力,害怕给自己带来许多负面影响.病人对自己面部创伤恢复的信心不足,严重者感觉失去生活的意义,产生抑郁症状,进而对回归社会或家庭产生不利影响.我们对收治的256例面部损伤病人中的128例进行心理干预和人文关怀措施,研究病人的治疗依从性及抑郁改善程度,结果显示干预组病人在遵医程度和抑郁情况方面明显优于对照组.现报告如下.
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盆底肌功能训练辅助电刺激加生物反馈治疗女性压力性尿失禁
女性压力性尿失禁(stress urinary incontinence,SUI)是临床常见病,给妇女生活带来严重困扰,有报道其患病率为29%~64%[1.2].近年来,随着对尿失禁认识和研究的进展,出现了多种治疗方法,非侵入性疗法成为首选.我科对15例轻度、中度女性压力性尿失禁病人行盆底肌功能训练辅助电刺激加生物反馈治疗,疗效明显.现总结如下.
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体外受精-胚胎移植病人围术期心理护理
体外受精-胚胎移植(试管婴儿)是辅助生育技术的核心部分,也是现代医学发展中治疗不孕不育症的先进技术[1].自1978年世界上第1例试管婴儿诞生以来,目前已有400万试管婴儿出生,使不孕夫妇看到希望.但是特殊的受孕方式、身心背景、经济压力,给病人造成极大的心理压力,易引起许多心理疾患[2].我们通过对接受体外受精-胚胎移植病人进行针对性心理护理,使其丢掉思想包袱,积极配合治疗,增强自信心,以便获得佳疗效.现报告如下.