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非小细胞肺癌的个体化辅助化疗——依据基因和蛋白质组学
非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的治疗原则是规范化综合治疗和个体化治疗.在肺癌的治疗手段中,手术治疗和放射治疗属于局部治疗,而化疗、生物靶向治疗和免疫治疗等则属于全身治疗.所谓个体化治疗就是根据患者的身体状况、肿瘤病理类型、细胞分化程度、免疫功能状况、相关基因结构和(或)功能改变、病变侵犯范围和发展趋势以及癌细胞分子生物学行为等,制订一个严密的治疗方案,并且所制订的治疗策略特别适合某一个肺癌患者,以大限度地延长患者生命,改善生活质量.辅助化疗是NSCLC治疗的重要组成部分,目前国内NSCLC辅助化疗方案主要为含铂类的两药方案,方案的选择主要参照病理类型、分期及体能状态等临床因素.而一种个体化的治疗策略,必须依赖临床因素,更要依赖基因和蛋白质组学因素.本文就当今研究热点,几种文献报道的可以作为参照选择辅助化疗方案的基因和蛋白质标志物作简单介绍,为临床医生选择个体化辅助化疗药物提供参考.
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保留乳房切除术后放射治疗对乳腺癌10年复发率和15年病死率的影响:17项随机对照试验10801例患者的meta分析
乳腺癌患者保留乳房切除术后放射治疗能降低乳腺癌的复发和死亡,但这可能只对某些特定的乳腺癌患者有效.早期乳腺癌临床试验协作组(Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group,EBCTCG)在2011年12卷第378期
上发表一篇题名为"Effect of radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery on 10-year recurrence and 15-year breast cancer death: meta-analysis of individual patient data for 10 801 women in 17 randomised trials"的荟萃分析. -
从St.Gallen共识的变化思考当今乳腺癌治疗的规范与个体化选择
每两年一次在瑞士滑雪圣地St.Gallen召开的乳腺癌会议,是欧洲研讨有关早期乳腺癌临床综合治疗的高等级专业会议.自1978年以来至今St.Gallen会议已经举办了11届.近年来,随着大量乳腺癌临床试验研究结果的发布,从2005年第九届会议开始,每次大会都根据当时乳腺癌循证医学研究的结果制定关于早期乳腺癌临床治疗和风险评估的指南,即St.Gallen共识.该指南既强调乳腺癌治疗的规范化,同时又注重乳腺癌在治疗中的个体化选择.它与美国
(简称NCCN指南)共同构成了当今乳腺癌治疗的基本框架,极大地推动了全世界乳腺癌治疗的规范与发展. -
What Makes a Good Doctor?
Introduction In the United States and I suspect in all parts of the world, a good doctor is an individual who, in addition to training in their area of interest, i.e., family practice, internal medicine, or a subspecialty area, has participated actively in the educational programs relating to their training which make them eligible to take examinations in those areas (if they are available) and pass them.All physicians generally like to have some procedural skills,but the most important part of their skills relate to their cognitive knowledge which in the long term insures optimal patient care.
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单病例随机对照试验研究现状
1 单病例随机对照试验简介单病例随机对照试验,英文名称有randomized controlled trial in individual patient, single case experiment, N-of-1 trial, N-of-1 RCT和N-of-1 study等, 其中N-of-1 trial为常用.单病例随机对照试验以患者自身作为对照,根据疾病特点设置3轮或以上试验,每轮治疗期和对照期时长由疗程决定,其顺序由第三方研究人员随机分配,保证受试者、研究者及结果测量者对分配情况均不知情,在治疗期和对照期研究者严格按照随机分配顺序给予干预措施或另一种干预措施(或安慰剂),每期结束后设置洗脱期来消除此干预措施的残余影响,对结果统计分析,评价干预措施疗效,以指导多个个体患者的医疗或护理[1].
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肝移植患者个体化给药的临床思维
近年来,随着外科手术技术的日渐成熟、各类免疫抑制药物的广泛应用,肝移植术后患者的生存时间显著延长.通常,顺利完成手术只是成功的一半,术后合理使用免疫抑制剂对移植患者至关重要.如何正确选择药物与调整剂量,做到真正的个体化给药,需要全面掌握药物的特点及患者的病情,关注药物治疗的临床思维.
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药物基因组学研究与乳腺癌个体化治疗
在我国,乳腺癌已严重影响妇女的健康和生命.与西方发达国家发病率增高而死亡率却在下降的趋势不同,我国乳腺癌发病率和死亡率均呈明显上升的趋势,乳腺癌防治任务十分严峻.近年来,虽然随着乳腺癌基础和临床研究的深入,乳腺癌的诊治取得了长足进步,但不同患者间显著的疗效和毒副反应差异仍是制约乳腺癌治愈率的主要因素.
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艾滋病对个人和家庭经济影响的研究
艾滋病(aequired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS),即获得性免疫缺陷综合症,是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficieney vim positive,HIV)感染引起的、以人体免疫系统受损为主要特征的全身性疾病.自从20世纪80年代初发现HIV以来,艾滋病已经成为世界上严重的健康问题之一,其对人类的影响已远远超出了医疗卫生的范畴,它不仅仅是医疗卫生问题,同时也是社会经济问题.本文分析国内外相关文献,对艾滋病对个人健康与家庭经济影响的研究进行综述.
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浅谈个体熟食摊点食品安全状况与管理对策
随着人民群众生活水平的不断提高,人们的需求也在不断变化,在市场经济日益繁荣的今天,熟食制品以其味道鲜美,食用前不再加热食用给人们的生活带来方便,深受消费者的喜爱.但个体摊点的熟食制品由于受加工环境与经营场所的限制,极易受到污染,引起食物中毒,严重威胁着广大消费者的身体健康.
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直肠肛管测压仪的研制
测压是检查肛门直肠疾患的重要方法.现将我们研制的直肠肛管测压仪介绍如下,供同道参考.
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Application of Proteomics to Cancer Molecular Diagnostics
Strategies to achieve personalized medicine and improve public health encompass assessment of an individual's risk for disease, early detection and molecular classification of disease resulting in an informed choice of the most appropriate treatment instituted at an early stage of disease develop- ment. A major contribution of proteomics in this field is the development of blood based tests to achieve the goals of personalized medicine.
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Objective To study the differences in blood pressure (BP)levels and the main factors raising BP among the population in Guangdong province.Methods The data analyzed stem from the sampling survey of hypertension in Guangdong Province in 1991,covering 42,894 subjects over 15 years old.Individual characteristics included age,sex,occupation education,smoking,alcohol drinking and body mass indx(BMI).Results Systolic and diastolic BP increased with age.The hypertension prevalence rate in male is higher than in female.The age-adjusted prevalence rate in office personnel is the highest(12.9%)among all occupations.It was increased with educfation level and BMI (in people educated atuniversity and over is 13.1%),and higher in smokers and alcohol-drinkers than non -smokers and nonalcohol-drinkers.Conclusions Age,occupation,education,smoking,alcohol drinking and BMI all effect BP.These risk factors should be reduced in the Guangdong population.