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中药结肠透析治疗慢性肾衰竭的临床观察与护理
慢性肾衰竭(CRF)是发生在各种慢性肾脏疾病后期的一种临床综合征.它以肾功能减退,代谢产物潴留,水、电解质及酸碱平衡失调为主要表现.
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改进性血液透析液无症状透析612例次疗效分析及护理
目前,血液透析仍是治疗慢性肾功能衰竭尿毒症的有效措施和方法,临床常以使用醋酸盐透析液透析[1],但由于一部分病人因"醋酸不耐受"而出现一些不良反应,达不到无症状透析.在碳酸氢钠透析液中也含有4 mmol/L~5 mmol/L的醋酸盐,在临床应用中也可出现"醋酸不耐受"反应现象.为减少副反应,达到无症状透析,我们采用改进性无醋酸血液透析液,于2003年3月-2006年11月对48例做常规醋酸透析反应较重的病人使用改进性无醋酸血液透析液透析加护理支持612例次,并随机按4:1抽取了其中153例次记录用改进性无醋酸血液透析液透析加护理支持后的生化指标变化,现将结果报道如下.
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慢性肾功能衰竭的饮食治疗
INTRODUCTIONIn the current paper,effect of diet therapy on chronic renal failure(CRF) was reviewed.
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肾移植病人的饮食康复治疗
Background:Now renal transplantation is extensively used and recetpted in the clinic for treating chronic renal failure.Nutrition support and diet treatment are necessary for postoperative rehabilitation of patients underwent renal transplantation.Rigid nutrition treatment could prevent and treatment postoperative diabetes mellitus,hypertension and hyperlipemia.Diet control was also necessary for patients receiving immunodepressant.Standards and protocol for diet treatment are unavailable now.The incidence of acute rejection and allograft failure during the first year posttransplantation has been greatly reduced by advances in operative techniques, immunosuppressive agents and our understanding of their toxicities, donor selection and preservation, and donor and patient management. However, life-long immunosuppression is required to prevent the development of chronic rejection. Thus, either chronic rejection or the adverse side effects of chronic immunosuppression limit long-term survival. There is increasing incidence that posttransplant lipoprotein abnormalities may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality following renal transplantation. In addition, there is some indirect evidence that posttransplant lipoprotein abnormalities may influence the progression of chronic transplant nephropathy. While there are no intervention trials examining whether antilipemic therapy is beneficial in the prevention of CVD in renal transplant patients, it is reasonable to assume that the benefits of treating hyperlipidemia in renal transplant recipients may be comparable to those found in the general population. Objective:Protocol for diet treatment was determined for patients underwent renal transplantation to reduce renal load,promote recovery of renal function,and decreased the incidence of complications.
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营养支持改善长期血液透析患者日常生活活动能力观察
Background:The body state of patients with long-term hemodialysis must have been decreased,of whom malnutrition are seen commonly,which affects patients' living activity ability and living quality directly,so nutrition supporting is very essential for patients with long-term hemodialysis.Objective:To observe the condition of nutrition supporting's improvement in ability of daily living(ADL) and nutrition condition of patients with long-term hemodialysis.Design:To evaluate ADL and nutrition condition of 30 cases patients with long-term hemodialysis before and after nutrition supporting.ADL Mark is according to reformed index marking graph.Unit:Internal Renal Department of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region Subject:30 patients suffering from chronic renal failure and accepting long-term hemodialysis,male 13 cases,female 17 cases,average age(50.23± 3.41)years.
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慢性肾功能衰竭患者血压的动态观察及心理干预
动态血压监测(ABPM)能较全面准确地反映24 h血压总体水平、动态波动规律和昼夜节律变化,以夜间血压下降>10%或>10 mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133 kPa)提示昼夜节律存在.为"杓型"血压,反之夜间血压不下降,提示昼夜节律减弱或消失.为"非杓型"血压[1].慢性肾功能不全患者血压昼夜节律消失,是"非杓型"血压,主要表现为收缩压及血压负荷明显增高,尤其是夜间收缩压显著升高[2].有研究[3]表明,"非杓型"血压的靶器官损害更明显,心血管事件发生率更高.
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原发性膀胱输尿管返流与尿路感染(附5例报告)
原发性膀胱输尿管返流并发感染可导致肾瘢痕形成,是小儿期慢性肾功衰的原因之一.本文报道1979~1984年共收治5例,3例双侧,2例左侧,均属Ⅳ~Ⅴ度,都接受抗返流术,术后恢复良好,无并发症,未再发尿路感染.作者对返流的原因、自然过程、分级、肾内返流、感染及肾瘢痕的形成、诊断、治疗进行了讨论.
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口服球形活性炭吸附剂对早期慢性肾衰竭大鼠肾脏功能和病理的影响
慢性肾脏病(CKD)已成为全球公共卫生健康问题.限制蛋白饮食是延缓CKD进展的基本治疗措施,而经肠道吸附毒素也是慢件肾衰竭非透析阶段常用的一种治疗方法.口服活性炭吸附剂可降低慢性肾衰竭大鼠及患者的Scr、BUN,延缓肾衰竭的进展[1,2],本实验观察国产口服球形活性炭颗粒单独应用以及联合低蛋白饮食治疗对慢性肾衰竭大鼠肾脏功能和病理的影响.
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羟苯磺酸钙对慢性肾衰竭大鼠肾组织形态学和血管内皮生长因子表达的影响
目前对延缓肾纤维化的进展尚无有效的干预措施.我们通过近几年的临床观察,发现羟苯磺酸钙作为一种新型微血管保护剂能显著改善肾功能,延缓肾纤维化的进展,但作用机制尚不清楚.本研究通过观察羟苯磺酸钙对慢性肾衰竭(cRF)模型大鼠肾组织形态学和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响,探讨羟苯磺酸钙延缓肾纤维化的作用机制.
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慢性肾衰竭患者急性时相蛋白水平变化及其临床意义
C反应蛋白(CRP)和脂蛋白a[LP(a)]是公认的检测机体微炎性状态较为敏感的指标.然而,在慢性肾衰竭(CRF)的早期,CRP和LP(a)水平变化不大[1].血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)是一种急性时相蛋白(APP),在炎性反应早期,CRP与多种细胞因子可刺激SAA表达,且SAA与CRP高度相关[2].本研究探讨上述炎性因子与CRF患者肾功能的相关性,从而寻找一种能够早期诊断CRF微炎性状态的敏感指标.
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血清B-脑钠肽、同型半胱氨酸与慢性肾脏病心血管病变及病死率的关系
心血管病变是引起慢性肾脏病(CKD)死亡的首位原因.B-脑钠肽(BNP)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)是评价心衰及反映心脏功能较好指标[1,2].我们检测了61例CKD 3~5期患者血清BNP、Hcy,现报道如下.
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低硒对慢性肾功能衰竭患者甲状腺功能的影响
已经证实,缺硒可使Ⅰ型脱碘酶(ID-Ⅰ)活性减弱,导致T4转化为T3受阻,T3下降.肾功能衰竭患者血硒及甲状腺激素(TH)水平均降低,且2者具有相关性[1,2].我们对40例慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)患者全血硒、血清氧化指标、TH及甲状旁腺激素(PTH)含量进行了检测,并分析其相关性,旨在探讨血硒对CRF患者甲状腺功能的影响及其临床意义.
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慢性肾衰竭继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的手术治疗
随着我国透析患者的不断增加,慢性肾衰竭继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(甲旁亢)的问题已越来越引起关注.部分药物治疗无效的甲旁亢,我们予手术切除甲状旁腺,以评价疗效.
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中药灌肠方治疗36例慢性肾衰竭患者
我们在常规治疗慢性肾衰竭(CRF)(氮质血症期)的基础上,加用中药灌肠方,取得显著疗效,现总结如下.
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慢性肾衰竭患者血清色氨酸和犬尿氨酸水平的改变
犬尿氨酸(KYN)是色氨酸(TRP)的一种主要代谢产物.本研究探讨慢性肾衰竭(CRF)患者血清KYN、TRP含量变化及与肾功能之间的关系.
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营养制剂改善慢性肾功能衰竭患者生活质量的效果
限制蛋白的摄入能延缓慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)的进展,但目前尚缺乏合适的肾衰型营养制剂.我们自行配制低蛋白、低磷、高热量营养液并进行临床观察,旨在探讨对CRF有效实用的营养制剂.
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高同型半胱氨酸与慢性肾衰竭患者心血管并发症的相关性
同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)是体内蛋氨酸代谢生成的一种含硫氨基酸,也是一种反应性血管损伤氨基酸,可引起动脉粥样硬化和血栓性疾病.近年来证实Hcy已成为预测心脑及外周血管疾病重要指标,同时还发现慢性肾衰竭(CRF)患者的高Hcy与慢性肾衰竭心血管并发症的发生和发展密切相关,影响着慢性肾衰竭患者的预后,是其独立危险因素.我们就Hcy与慢性肾衰竭的相关性及对心血管并发症的影响进行综述.
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中药结肠灌洗治疗慢性肾功能衰竭50例观察
我院自2000年5月~2003年1月,采用IMS-100A型结肠治疗机对50例慢性肾功能衰竭病人进行中药结肠灌洗治疗.取得了较好的疗效,现报道如下.