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高通量药物筛选生物活性分析技术研究进展
在过去的十年中,生命科学的迅速发展,尤其是分子生物学的发展,越来越多的潜在药物作用靶点被人们认识。化学合成技术的进步如组合化学的出现为发现新药提供了更多的化合物[1],这些进步为大规模的药物筛选创造了物质基础。为了能够应用多种药物作用靶点对大量化合物进行高速、高效、低成本、微量化的筛选,大限度地发现药物,高通量筛选(High throughput screen, HTS)技术也快速发展起来,产生了许多新的实验分析方法,药物筛选的规模和速度也由20世纪90年代中期每天筛选几千个化合物提高到每天可筛选数万甚至更多的化合物,被称之为超高通量药物筛选(UltraHTS)[2]。
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高通量药物筛选在新药研究中的应用
高通量药物筛选技术是20世纪80年代后期形成的寻找新药的高新技术。经过十余年的实践,该技术体系不断发展和完善,成为目前寻找新药的重要手段。应用高通量药物筛选技术寻找新药,不仅改变了人们对药物筛选的认识,同时对药物开发研究的思路也产生了明显的冲击。如何应用高通量药物筛选开发新药,已成为目前药物研究中的重要课题之一。本文根据药物发现的基本规律,介绍高通量药物筛选的发展过程和基本原理方法,探讨高通量药物筛选在新药发现中的作用和应用前景。
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商业性行为与艾滋病的传播
The prevalence of HIV/AIDS infection has increased greatly in China. In order to strengthen the cooperation from all fields to improve efforts in preventing HIV/AIDS transmission in China, This paper has been put forward. Based on more than 25 previous publications and desk studies, this paper clarified the relationships between the commerical sex activities and the transmission of HIV/AIDS. Although the probability of HIV infection through sex intercourse is lower than the other routes in China, the major way of infection among the HIV positives is still through sexual contacts in the world, which accounts for 70% in the world. Heterosexual transmission would still be the major route of HIV transmission pattern in the future. This paper reviewed the on-going progress, achievements as well as the shortages and weakness on HIV prevention research and interventions, such as the methodology used in the research field to obtain the effective and valid data and information. Different kinds of theories and models are mentioned in view of theoretical guidance.
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不同亚型α干扰素抗病毒作用研究进展
I 型干扰素( IFN)是病毒感染后宿主体内产生的一类多功能细胞因子,它们属于多基因家族,到目前为止,已发现7种I型IFN 即IFN-α、β、ε、κ、ω、δ、τ,具体的分型原因不清楚,推测可能是各型IFN性能不同或者各型IFN产生的时间顺序和细胞种类不同。 IFN-α因具有多种生物学效应而被广泛应用,医学上常用外源性IFN-α进行抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗增殖等治疗,其中尤以抗病毒治疗为重要。 IFN-α包括多种亚型,文献报道各种亚型的抗病毒作用具有亚型和病毒特异性,但是其详细机制尚未完全明了。本文仅就不同亚型IFN-α抗病毒作用的研究现状进行综述。
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PICC在临床中的应用
目的了解PICC在临床应用中常见的并发症.方法回顾性总结1999年我院SICU收治病人中留置PICC的情况.结果1999年我院SICU收治病人中共有14人留置PICC,其中男12人,女2人,平均年龄72岁.均为术后不能经口进食而需行静脉营养的患者,经PICC主要输注静脉营养液,并同时应用抗生素.其中4例因PICC栓塞拔管,1例因静脉炎拔管,另有2例因高热怀疑PICC管感染而拔管,行PICC管培养为阴性.结论临床中应用PICA3所遇到的主要并发症为栓塞、静脉炎和感染.
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医学超声专业术语的研讨
引言 术语的正确含义为"某门科学中的专门用语;术语科学中的专用名词".在英语中"terminology"的定义为"specialized words and expressions used in a particular science, profession, activity,etc.".术语在自然科学各类学科中,是用以对某一学科中的某种现象、原理、技术方法、研究应用等方面的一些局域性内容,用科学的描述、大限度地包涵该局域内容的整体;以简明的词汇、易为多数人理解掌握的浓缩词组;它是各学科基础中的一个重要组成部分.正确的术语可对专业人员起启发与指导作用;而不符合上述原则的"杜撰术语"常为错误术语的来源之一,它只能对后人产生错误导向,甚至歪曲科学原理与正确思维;从长远观点分析,它必然妨碍学科的发展.
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可兼容磁共振检查的新型起搏器的临床应用(附两例报告)
SureScanTM起搏系统(Medronic公司,美国)是Medronic 公司新推出的可行磁共振(MRI)检查的新型起搏系统,已得到美国食品和药品管理局(FDA)认证并在美国上市,在我国已得到国家食品药品监督管理局(SFDA)批准。阜外心血管病医院近期为两例患者植入该起搏系统,在全国尚属首例,现总结如下。
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INTRODUCTION The essence of Moist Exposed Burn Therapy (MEBT) is to keep burn wound in a physiological moist environment to promote the discharge and removal of necrotic tissues, and the repair and regeneration of the wound. This is what MEBT is distinguished from dry exposed therapy and other conventional treating therapies. Therefore, the basic requirement of the topical medicine, Moist Exposed Burn Ointment (MEBO), specially designed for and used in MEBT, is the ability of maintaining wound moisture without affecting good drainage. MATERIALS AND METHODS 42 healthy adult rabbits of both sexes, females without pregnancy, weighing 2.1~ 3.0 kg were used in this study. Animals were depilated on back by applying 8 % sodium sulfide solution. Anesthesia was achieved by intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium (40 mg/kg). On each side of the back, one deep second degree burn wound was formed by igniting for 4 seconds, with a 100(C heated cake of copper, 3 cm in diameter. The depth of wound was verified by pathological examination. MEBO Ointment was supplied by Beijing Guangming Chinese Medicine Institute for Burns, Wounds and Ulcers. Vaseline for medicinal use was produced by Yangzizhou Pharmaceutical Factory of Nanchang City of China. Model EPIC evaporometer (Servomed) was used for measuring wound evaporation. Experiment 1. MEBO treatment with auto- control: Ten rabbits were used in this experiment. The water evaporation value of normal skin was measured before injury. Then the animal was burned on both sides of the back. Wound on one side was treated with MEBO, while wound on the other side was allowed to dry spontaneously as auto- control. MEBO was applied to a thickness of 0.5 mm to 1 mm and renewed at an interval of 6 to 8 hours. Measurement of wound water evaporation was done at 0.5, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours postburn. The healing time of each wound was recorded. Experiment 2. MEBO treatment with dry exposed therapy control: Twenty- four rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups, MEBO treatment group and dry exposed therapy group, 12 in each. The treatment method and observations were the same as described in Experiment 1. Pathological examinations were con ducted at the same time. Experiment 3. Vaseline treatment: Eight rabbits with deep second degree burn wounds on both sides of the back were treated with Vaseline. The treatment method and observations were the same as described in Experiment 1. The results were compared with MEBO treating group. The ambient temperature was 25- 28(C and humidity 50± 5 % . The data were presented as mean value± and analyzed statistically using t- test. RESULTS Wound water evaporation: Compared with normal skin, the water evaporation values of burn wounds treated with dry exposed therapy in both experiments 1 and 2 increased dramatically and reached their peaks at 6 hours post injury, and then tended to decrease slowly. Compared with the values of dry exposed therapy, the water evaporation of wound treated with MEBO decreased significantly (PGross observation:
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诸暨方言中的男女性征用字
性者,人之本性也.<易·系辞上>曰:"一阴一阳之谓道.继之者善也,成之者性也".孔颖达(574~648)疏:"若能成就此道者,是人之本性".唐韩愈(768~824)<原性>亦曰:"性也者,与生俱生也".宋司马光(1019~1086)<善恶混辨>载:"夫性者,人之所受于天以生者也".男女性别,与生俱来.初生婴儿为男为女,其鉴别依据即生殖器官:具阴茎者为男,具阴道者为女.是为主性征,即两性间不相同之特征耳.副性征则指男女外形(身材、体态、相貌、声音等等方面)之差异.
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参芪扶正注射液在恶性肿瘤治疗中的应用
参芪扶正注射液系由北京中医药大学东直门医院,丽珠集团利民制药厂共同研制的中药制剂.一些文献报告[1~4]在恶性肿瘤化疗同时应用此制剂,可增加免疫功能对于抗恶性肿瘤有辅助作用.我们自2003年11月至2004年12月应用参芪扶正注射液配合化疗治疗恶性肿瘤32例(化疗加参芪组,A组),单纯参芪组21例(参芪组,B组),另在同期单用化疗治疗恶性肿瘤33例(化疗组,C组)作为对照.现报告如下.
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Persistent perfluorinated organic compounds, such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are used in a variety of industrial applications. They are very stable in the environment, distribute widely in the global environment and in wild life, and are detected in human sera.
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强制戒毒所心理治疗理论及方法
脱毒治疗的实质是针对戒断综合征进行控制的抗戒断症状治疗,脱毒治疗过后,由于稽延性戒断症状的困扰,长期存在毒品渴求心理及吸毒环境的影响,随即普遍出现很高的近期复吸率[1].为降低复吸率必须进行海洛因临床脱毒后的康复治疗.
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创新药品供应模式,保障农村用药质量
2003年以来,四川省泸州市药监局和合江药监局对合江县农村药品供应现状进行了调查.调查反映:必须对农村药品供应网点进行创新调整,才能确保农民用药的方便安全.
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Objective. To evaluate the role of glucose transporter-l (GLUT1) in the glucose uptake of glomerular mesangial cells. Methods. Cultured C57/SJL mouse mesangial cells were used in the study. The expression of GLUT1 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The expression of GLUT1 protein was detected by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The uptake of glucose and its kinetics were determined by 2-deoxy-[3H] -D-glucose uptake. Results. Both GLUT1 mRNA and protein were found in mouse glomerular mesangial cells. 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake and kinetics assay showed that this glucose transporter had high affinity for glucose and the glucose uptake specificity was further confirmed by phloretin. Conclusion. Functional GLUT1 did present in mouse mesangial cells cultured in vitro and it might be the predominant transporter mediated the uptake of glucose into mesangial cells.
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我院口服降糖药使用分析
目的:了解我院口服降糖药的脑床使用情况和发展趋势,为临床合理用药提供参考.方法:对我院2005年~2007年口服降糖药的销售金额,用药频度(DDDs)、每日药费(DDC)等进行统计、分析.结果:三年来,我院口服降糖药数量及购药金额逐年增长.用药金额排名前3位的药物是格列齐特、格列吡嗪、阿卡波糖.用药频度(DDDs)排序前3位的药物是二甲双孤、格列齐特、格列吡嗪.结论:二甲双孤、格列齐特、格列吡嗪应用广泛,且价格合理,它们是目前我院所使用的口服降糖药的首选.[关健词]口服降糖药;合理用药
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It has been well understood that a mixture of vegetable and animal proteins is of higher quality than the former alone, and also there are some remarkable instances of effective supplementing between the proteins of certain cereals and certain legume seeds[1]. In practice, it is very valuable for the selection of human diets and farm-animal relations. This question is especially important in China where the protein of the average diet are mainly of vegetable origin, in which about 83 percent are derived from cereals and 11 percent from beans[2]. However, a review of the literature indicates that no work has been done on the supplementary relationships of the protein of mottled gram bean with those of other cereals. The writer purchased, therefore, from the Peiping market some cheaper cereals commonly used in China, namely, yellow corn(黄玉米), red kaoliang(红高粱),oat meal(油麦面),panicled glutinous and non-glutinous millets(黄米及糜子米); and determined the supplementary values between the proteins of mottled gram bean and these cereals. The experimental details are communicated in the present paper.
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皮质骨通道置椎弓根螺钉技术的研究进展
椎弓根螺钉内固定技术能贯穿脊柱前、中、后三柱,起到三维矫形和固定作用,目前已在脊柱外科中广泛应用。但是传统椎弓根螺钉置入时,为暴露骨性标志而对肌肉剥离的程度较大,尤其在下腰椎和骶骨进行操作时,则需更充分的暴露。经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定技术能在一定程度上弥补这一缺陷,但其不能同时行植骨及减压,需另取切口入路,且需反复“C”型臂X线机透视,故患者和手术医生承受辐射量均较大。另外,由于螺钉松动导致内置物稳定性下降是术后常见的并发症,如为骨质疏松患者,因骨量减少、骨组织结构退化而术后出现并发症的可能性则更大。通过改进螺钉设计以及注入强化椎体的材料,虽可提高骨?螺钉界面强度,但仍存在各自的缺陷:前者对于严重骨质疏松患者仍难以获得有效骨?螺钉把持力;骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉可以显著提高螺钉的轴向拔出力,且明显增加固定节段脊柱的抗疲劳能力,但存在误注或溢出风险、易损伤神经组织、聚合产生高热及对人体有毒等弊端。经皮质骨通道置椎弓根螺钉技术采用的螺钉直径小、长度短,且螺纹排列更紧密,可充分与皮质骨集中区域接触,增加骨?螺钉界面强度;另外,其置钉点邻近峡部,对肌肉剥离程度较小,且自内而外、由下而上的钉道可降低血管、神经损伤的概率。因此,皮质骨通道置椎弓根螺钉技术为获得螺钉对椎体的有效固定强度、椎弓根螺钉在微创手术中的应用以及传统技术置入椎弓根螺钉失败后补救性置钉提供了一种新的思路。
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1例冬眠疗法应用于肿瘤晚期疼痛病人的护理
晚期恶性肿瘤引起疼痛的原因是复杂的,尤其是Ⅲ度疼痛,不仅使病人生理上承受极大的痛苦,同时也在心理上形成了巨大的压力,丧失了治疗的信心.如何解决癌性疼痛是医护人员在肿瘤病人救治方面的一大难题.现将我科成功应用冬眠低温疗法治疗1例晚期恶性肿瘤Ⅲ度疼痛病人的护理介绍如下.
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低浓度过氧化氢及维生素B12溶液用于口腔护理的效果观察
口腔是食物进入消化道的重要通道,又是部分消化液分泌的场所,更是微生物寄居和滋生的佳环境.口腔感染不仅影响病人的食欲,更重要的是可引起呼吸及消化系统感染,尤其是危重而生活不能自理及大手术后的病人,保持口腔清洁十分重要[1].
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电脑大肠灌洗仪用于低位性肠梗阻病人的临床观察
电脑大肠灌洗仪作为一种新型治疗仪,不仅仅局限于美容、减肥,也可用于其他方面[1].我科于2002年引进一台JS--818型电脑大肠灌洗仪,并用于低位性肠梗阻肠道灌洗治疗26例,与传统灌肠法相比,临床效果显著.