非小细胞肺癌组织中Midkine蛋白表达上调

Midkine(MK)表达与癌发牛和生长有密切关系[1].然而,目前国内外关于MK与非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lungcancer,NSCLC)发生与发展的研究报道极少,且结果也不尽一致.目前,新鲜冷冻切片已广泛应用于免疫组化研究,且丙酮或甲醛固定的冷冻切片已成为评价抗原修复在甲醛固定、石蜡包埋组织切片中免疫组化染色效果的标准.

Objective: To achieve an optimized method for soluble expression of human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE-1) in escherichia coil and purification by Ni2+-NTA agarose affinity chromatography, to get improved protein yield and purity for further development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis ELISA kits. Methods: The best antigen epitopes of hCE1 were predicted by comparing secondary structure, flexible regions, hydrophilicity, antigenic index surface probability of residues. Afterwards, pET-42a (+) with a His-tag and a GST-tag was applied to form recombinant plasmid pET-42a (+)/hCE1, which facilitated purification when using Ni2+-NTA agarose affinity chromatography. Protein quality was measured by SDS-PAGE and BCA protein assay. Western-blot identification was also performed to ensure the correct expression of hCE1 protein. Results: The residues from 500 to 567 near C-terminal of hCE1 protein were considered the best epitopes which exhibited high hydrophilicity and high surface probability and relatively flexible secondary structure and low homology compared with hCE2 and hCE3. His-hCE1 500-567 fusion protein was achieved by IPTG-inducted expression with an expected mass of 42 kDa. After purification, the final product was specially identified, which reached over 95%purity and more than 10 mg/L of microbial culture. In Western blot, the purified fusion protein was recognized by anti-hCE1 monoclonal antibody, along with previous sequencing validation, which demonstrated the correct preparation of soluble hCE1 protein. Conclusion: This is an efficacious and affordable strategy to generate fusion hCE1 of high quality in E coli, which facilitates preparation of hCE1 monoclonal antibody and further HCC diagnosis research.

抑制NO诱生对BCG免疫性肝损伤中CYP1A2表达的影响

目的:研究卡介苗(BCG)所致小鼠免疫性肝损伤中,一氧化氮(NO)诱生对肝脏细胞色素P450药物代谢酶系CYP1A2亚型表达的影响.方法:采用尾静脉注射BCG诱发小鼠产生免疫性肝损伤,HE染色法观察肝脏病理组织学变化,采用免疫组化法测定肝组织诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)及其CYP1A2的蛋白表达,采用图像梯度灰度扫描法对肝脏病理损伤与iNOS形成进行半定量相关性分析.结果:尾静脉注射BCG14d后,可致小鼠肝脏形成大量肉芽肿,iNOS蛋白呈团块状棕色强阳性表达,表达部位与肉芽肿部位相一致,CYP1A2蛋白表达减少;应用选择性iNOS抑制剂氨基胍抑制NO合成,可逆转BCG所致CYP1A2蛋白表达的下调.结论:BCG免疫刺激条件下,iNOS诱生参与了CYP450药物代谢酶系1A2亚型表达下调机制.

根除幽门螺杆菌对胃癌前病变组织中bax蛋白表达的影响

目的:研究Hp感染及根除治疗对胃癌前病变组织中促凋亡基因Bax蛋白表达的影响,探讨Hp的致病机制及其在胃癌发生中的作用.方法:采用快速尿素酶试验、Warthin-starry银染色检测Hp;采用免疫组织化学SP法检测72例胃癌前病变组织中Bax蛋白的表达情况,以及Hp阳性患者Hp根除前后胃癌前病变Bax蛋白表达的变化.结果:Bax蛋白在肠上皮化生及不典型增生组织中均有不同程度的表达,其阳性表达率为63.9%.Hp阳性胃癌前病变组Bax蛋白阳性表达率(72.3%)显著高于Hp阴性胃癌前病变组(48.0%,x2=4.191,P＜0.05),Hp感染与Bax阳性表达及分级呈正相关(r=0.978,P＜0.01).经三联治疗根除Hp后,Bax蛋白阳性表达率(70.3%)较治疗前显著降低(43.2%,x2=5.506,P＜0.05),而Hp仍为阳性者Bax蛋白阳性表达率则无变化.结论:Hp感染可以促进促凋亡基因Bax蛋白的表达,这可能是Hp感染诱导胃黏膜上皮细胞凋亡的主要机制之一,从而导致细胞凋亡和增生的调节紊乱,使胃黏膜上皮不稳定性增加,使其具有较高的癌变易感性.根除Hp感染可纠正Bax基因表达的异常,对预防或减缓胃癌的发生可能具有重要意义.

胃癌Fhit蛋白表达缺失的临床病理意义

目的:探讨76例胃癌Fhit蛋白表达与临床病理的关系.方法:采用免疫组化方法,检测76例胃癌、58例紧邻癌旁的异常增生和10例正常胃黏膜的Fhit表达并分析其与组织学分级、临床分期以及预后的关系.结果:癌组织Fhit表达缺失为48/76例(63.2%),紧邻癌旁的异常增生黏膜缺失为36/58例(62.1%),而正常胃黏膜为0/10,相差有非常显著性(P=0.000)Fhit蛋白缺失癌在癌组织学分级中的分布为Ⅰ-Ⅱ级癌35.7%(10/28),Ⅲ级癌79.2%(38/48),相差有非常显著性(P=0.000).Fhit蛋白缺失癌在临床分期中的分布为Ⅰ～Ⅱ期癌为43.8%(14/32),Ⅲ-Ⅳ期癌77.3%(34/44),相差有非常显著性(P=0.004).Fhit蛋白缺失癌在转移状况组的分布为转移癌74.1%(40/54),未转移癌为36.4%(8/22),相差有非常显著性(P=0.003).随访资料显示Fhit蛋白缺失癌的中位生存时间为33 mo,而Fhit蛋白表达癌者为71 mo,相差有非常显著性(Logrank=20.78;P=0.000).结论:Fhit蛋白为一种重要的抑癌蛋白,其表达缺失状况可能与胃癌的发生、侵犯、转移以及患者的预后相关.

系膜增生型原发性肾病综合征患儿细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4基因多态性、蛋白表达及外周血淋巴细胞凋亡的研究

系膜增生型(mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis,MsPGN)原发性肾病综合征(idiopathic nephrotic children,INS)(INS-MsPGN)是我国儿童INS常见的病理类型之一,临床多表现为糖皮质激素(glucocorticoid,GC)不敏感或耐药,是难治性INS中常见的一种病理类型,其发病机制和GC耐药机制至今尚不清楚.

Objective: To understand whether verapamil (VER) resistance development in the multidrug-resistant cell line and its mechanism. Methods: K562/ADM/VER cell subline resistant to verapamil was established through a gradual increase of VER concentration in the media. MTT method was used to assay resistance to VER, cross resistance to dipyriamole (DPM), cyclosporin A (CsA) in the cells, and HPLC and spectrofluorometer to detect intracellular accumulation of VER or ADM respectively, as well as S-P immunocytochemical technique for detection of genes expression. Results: It were observed that 7.9-fold increase in VER resistance, significantly reduced intracellular accumulation of VER or ADM and also develop across resistance to DPM and CsA in K562/ADM/VER cells, compared with its parent cell, K562/ADM. High-level of p-glycoprotein(pgp), middle-level of p53, p16, was present in two cell lines without expression of GSTPI, C-myc, C-myc, C-fos and C-erbB-2. Bc1-2 protein expression was found only in K562/ADM cells. Conclusion: K562/ADM cells were capable of being induced to develop resistance to VER.

Objective: To analyze the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its relation to angiogenesis. Methods: Tissue sections from 71 HCC patients were examined immunohistochemically for protein expression of iNOS, eNOS, and VEGF. Microvessal density (MVD) was counted by endothelial cells immunostained by anti-CD34 antibody. Results: Positive immunostaining for iNOS, eNOS was detected in 83.1% and 85.9% of HCC respectively. INOS and eNOS were not detected in normal hepatic tissue. MVD was 34.3±1.5/HP and 38.6±1.6/HP in HCC with positive staining for iNOS and VEGF while it was 31.2± 2.8/HP, and 22.4± 2.0/HP in HCC with negative staining for iNOS and VEGF (P<0.01). A correlation between NOS expression and VEGF in HCC was not observed. Conclusion: iNOS and eNOS may play a role in malignant transformation f post-hepatic cirrhosis. The expression of iNOS and VEGF favors angiogenesis of HCC.

Our previous findings confirmed that the nerve growth factor-containing fibrin glue membrane pro-vides a good microenvironment for peripheral nerve regeneration;however, the precise mechanism remains unclear. p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) plays an important role in the regulation of pe-ripheral nerve regeneration. We hypothesized that a nerve growth factor-containing fibrin glue membrane can promote neural regeneration by up-regulating p75NTR expression. In this study, we used a silicon nerve conduit to bridge a 15 mm-long sciatic nerve defect and injected a mixture of nerve growth factor and fibrin glue at the anastomotic site of the nerve conduit and the sciatic nerve. Through RT-PCR and western blot analysis, nerve growth factor-containing fibrin glue membrane significantly increased p75NTR mRNA and protein expression in the Schwann cells at the anasto-motic site, in particular at 8 weeks after injection of the nerve growth factor/fibrin glue mixture. These results indicate that nerve growth factor-containing fibrin glue membrane can promote pe-ripheral nerve regeneration by up-regulating p75NTR expression in Schwann cells.

Objective To investigate the role of suppressor gene p16 in the process of differential regulation of retinoic acid (RA) on the A549 lung cancer cells.Methods Tumor suppressor gene p16 was transferred into A549 cells and the cells were treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATR) at the dosage of 5×10-6 mol/L for 4 d. After that, the proliferation and differentiation of A549 cells were examined by growth curve and cytometry analysis, the change of lung lineage-specific marker MUC1 was tested by immunohistochemical staining. Meanwhile, Western blot was used to observe the change of p16 protein expression in A549 cells treated with ATRA.Results ATRA could obviously inhibit the growth and induce the differentiation of A549 Cells that were transferred with p16 gene. There were more cells arrested in G1/G0 phase and the expression of MUG1 was markedly down-regulated than in control cells. The expression of p16 protein was up-regulated in A549 cells treated with ATRA.Conclusion Suppressor gene p16 could enhance the effects of RA and proliferated suppression and differential induction of A549 cells.

BACKGROUND:Ferula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen is composed of volatile oil, resin and gum that have the anti-inflammatory, anti-alergic, antispasmodic and analgesic effects. But its analgesic mechanism is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect ofFerula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen on heat pain, mechanical pain, Fos protein expression and astrocyte activation in spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain. METHODS: Eighty adult Sprague-Dawley rat models of chronic sciatic nerve injury were randomly divided into five groups and then intragasticaly administeredFerula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen at low, moderate and high doses (0.075, 0.15, 0.30 g/kg), celecoxib or physiological saline. Heat pain and mechanical pain were measured at 1 day before operation and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14 days after operation. The spinal cord tissue at S4-5 segments was harvested and Fos protein expression and astrocyte activation in the spinal cord of rats were observed by immunohistochemical staining method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 1 and 5 days of medication, behavioral pain scores of rats in the low-, moderate-, and high-doseFerula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen groups were significantly higher than that in the physiological saline group (P < 0.01). The largest reduction in heat pain threshold was measured in the moderate-doseFerula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen group compared to the other groups (P < 0.01). The most significant reduction in rat mechanical pain threshold was measured in the high-doseFerula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen group than in the other groups (P < 0.01). At each time point post-operation, the number of Fos protein-positive cels in the low-, moderate- and high-doseFerula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen and celecoxib groups was significantly lower than that in the physiological saline group (P < 0.05); the number of Fos protein-positive cels in the moderate- and high-doseFerula sinkiangensis K.M Shen groups was significantly higher than that in the celecoxib group (P< 0.05). At each time point post-operation, the number of astrocytes in the spinal cord tissue of rats in the high-doseFerula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen and celecoxib groups was significantly lower than that in the physiological saline group (P< 0.05). There was significant difference in the number of astrocytes between the moderate- and high-doseFerula sinkiangensis K.M shen groups and celecoxib group (P< 0.05). These results confirm thatFerula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen may effectively aleviate the neuropathic pain of rats, and the mechanism of which may be related to the activation of Fos protein and astrocytes in the spinal cord.

erbB4和PTEN在皮肤鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达

目的 观察并探讨erbB4和FFEN在皮肤鳞状细胞癌(鳞癌)组织中的蛋白表达及其临床意义.方法 采用免疫组化Elivision法,检测52例皮肤鳞癌(其中11例伴有淋巴结转移,41例无转移)、10例正常人皮肤标本中erbB4和VIEN蛋白表达.结果 皮肤鳞癌组中39例erbB4蛋白呈阳性表达,阳性率为75%;对照组中仅1例阳性表达,两组阳性率比较,x2=12.77,P<0.01;皮肤鳞癌患者中在有淋巴结转移组erbB4蛋白阳性表达率(100%)明显高于无淋巴结转移组(68.29%),两组阳性率比较,P<0.05.PTEN蛋白在皮肤鳞癌组中25例阳性表达,阳性率为48.08%,对照组10例均为阳性表达,两组阳性率比较,x2=9.20,P<0.01;在鳞癌高分化组及中低分化组中的阳性率分别为78.57%、36.84%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);有淋巴结转移组PTEN阳性率(9.09%)明显低于无转移组(58.54%)(P<0.01).皮肤鳞癌erbB4蛋白与PTEN蛋白表达呈负相关(r=-0.42,P<0.01).结论 erbB4与PTEN可能参与了皮肤鳞癌的发生、恶性进展及转移.

家兔肢体缺血再灌注后肾脏细胞凋亡和相关基因蛋白表达及葛根素的影响

肢体缺血-再灌注损伤是骨科领域常见的病理过程,如外伤后骨筋膜室综合征、断肢移植、游离肌瓣转移等.肢体缺血再灌注不仅可能引起局部缺血组织的损伤,还可能导致远隔部位器官损伤,其中肾脏是容易受累器官之一,严重时表现为急性肾功能衰竭.

As a protein expression vector,the baculovirus demonstrates many advantages over other vectors.With the development of biotechnology,baculoviral vectors have been genetically modified to facilitate high level expression of heterologous proteins in both insect and mammalian cells.These modifications include utilization of different promoters and signal peptides,deletion or replacement of viral genes for increasing protein secretion,integration of polycistronic expression cassette for producing protein complexes,and baculovirus pseudotyping,promoter accommodation or surface display for enhancing mammalian cell targeting gene delivery.This review summarizes the development and the current state of art of the baculovirus expression system.Further development of baculovirus expression systems will make them even more feasible and accessible for advanced applications.

ANXA2调节胃癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和转移

目的：Annexin a2(ANXA2)基因参与多种生物学活动。然而，ANXA2在胃癌中的临床意义及生物学作用仍然未明。方法：免疫组化染色的方法定量检测了胃癌组织及癌旁正常胃黏膜组织中ANXA2蛋白的表达情况。通过实时定量PCR及免疫印迹的方法分析了四种不同分化程度的胃癌细胞系SGC-7901, MKN-45, BGC-823和AGS中ANXA2的表达情况。通过LV-ANXA2-RNAi慢病毒干扰AGS细胞ANXA2的表达。利用MTT、克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖情况。通过流式细胞术细胞凋亡、细胞周期实验分析细胞死亡情况。利用细胞划痕实验、细胞侵袭小室及transwell实验检测细胞的侵袭和转移的情况。然后，用表达谱芯片进行筛选，通过免疫印迹实验阐明沉默ANXA2基因对c-met和RAP1A表达的影响。结果：免疫组化染色实验发现相较于癌旁正常的胃黏膜组织，胃癌组织中ANXA2蛋白表达量明显增高，并且ANXA2的表达与胃癌患者的临床特性密切相关。在这四种胃癌细胞系中ANXA2均高表达，其中AGS细胞ANXA2的表达量高。选取AGS细胞作为细胞模型继续进行后续的实验。用慢病毒干扰的AGS细胞，其ANXA2基因的表达明显受到抑制。沉默ANXA2基因通过下调c-met的表达抑制了AGS胃癌细胞的增殖并促进其死亡，并通过下调RAP1A的表达抑制AGS胃癌细胞的侵袭和转移。结论：本实验研究发现ANXA2的过表达与胃癌患者的临床分期及不良生存预后相关。ANXA2的过表达与胃癌患者的临床分期及不良生存预后相关。沉默ANXA2基因可以抑制胃癌细胞的增殖、促进其死亡，并影响胃癌细胞的运动能力。

Objective:To explore the potential mechanisms of lymphatic metastasis of GC cells regulated by ring finger protein (RNF180).Methods:Associations between clinicopathologic, survival data, and RNF180 expression in GC tissues were analyzed. The effects of RNF180 re-expression and genome microarraywere determined in growth, proliferation, invasion, and lymphangiogenesis assays.Results:RNF180 was silenced or down-regulated in 76.1%of GC tissues compared with 41.8% of paired non-tumor tissues. RNF180 protein expression in GC tissues was negatively related to the number of metastatic lymph nodes. RNF180 was down-regulated in 100% (7 of 7) of GC cell lines. Re-expression of RNF180 in HGC-27 GC cells reduced colony formation, proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, and tumor growth and tumor lymphangiogenesis in mice it also down-regulated HGF, MMP-2, MMP-14, VEGF-C/D and CCR-7 in vitro, and Podoplanin in tumor tissue of mice.Conclusion:RNF180 is a suppressor gene involved inthe several biological events of GC cell including the proliferation, invasion, and tumor lymphangiogenesis.

Objective:hTe aim of this study was to determine whether the EGFR statuscould significantly predict some benefit in overall survival and response to cetuximab in advanced GC xenografts.Methods: Two hundred xenografts derived from 20 GC patients were established. Then they were divided into cetuximab treated group and control group randomly.Results:Among the cetuximab treated group, 4 GC cases were identified responded to cetuximab.hTose cetuximab treated PDX models had longer OS than non-treated. High EGFR mRNA expression and immunohistochemistry score are more prone to response to cetuximab. EGFR amplification, mRNA and protein overexpression were associated with the OS in cetuximab treated PDX models. Moreover, in the PDX models derived from EGFR ampliifcation, mRNA or protein overexpression cases, the OS is signiifcantly different between the cetuximab treated and control group, while the OS in not statistically different in other cases.Conclusion:EGFR status predicts sensitivity to therapy and survival in GC treated with cetuximab, especially the mRNA and protein expression level.

TAT-tCNTF对CD诱导HUVEC细胞损伤的作用研究

目的探讨TAT-tCNTF对细胞松弛素D（CD）诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）损伤作用的影响。方法 CCK-8法检测TAT-tCNTF对CD致HUVEC生长抑制的作用；荧光显微镜检测CD诱导HUVEC的F-actin的变化，以及在TAT-tCNTF作用下对细胞微丝的影响；荧光显微镜和流式细胞术检测CD和TAT-tCNTF作用后细胞内Ca2+浓度；Western blot检测CD和TAT-tCNTF作用后F-actin的蛋白水平的变化。结果在1μg·ml-1的CD作用HUVEC后，细胞表现出明显的生长抑制，而在0.05~10μg·ml-1浓度范围内，TAT-tCNTF促进HUVEC的生长，并可改善CD对HUVEC的损伤，TAT-tCNTF组与CD+TAT-tCNTF组细胞活动度具有明显差异；荧光显微镜下检测到经CD作用后细胞F-actin分布减少，而经TAT-tCNTF作用后细胞F-actin分布密集；采用Fluo 4-AM荧光探针标记细胞内Ca2+浓度，荧光显微镜和流式细胞术检测到TAT-tCNTF能够降低经CD损伤HUVEC后的细胞内Ca2+浓度升高；FCM检测显示，CD组的MFI相对于对照组明显增加，而CD+TAT-tCNTF组MFI较CD组明显降低。Western blot显示各组之间的F-actin表达量没有明显改变。结论TAT-tCNTF对CD致内皮细胞的损伤有改善和逆转作用，其改善机制可能与增加细胞活性和维持细胞骨架有关。

AIM:Increasing evidence indicates that inflammation contributes to the initiation and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation ( AF) .Al-though tumor necrosis factor ( TNF)-αlevels are increased in patients with AF , the role of TNF-αin the pathogenesis of AF remains unclear.Recent research has revealed that T-type Ca2+currents ( ICa,T ) play an important role in the pathogenesis of AF .METH-ODS:In this study , we used the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique and biochemical assays to explore the role of TNF-αin the regula-tion of ICa,T in atrial myocytes.RESULTS:We found that compared with sinus rhythm (SR) controls, T-type calcium channel (TCC) subunit mRNA levels were decreased , while TNF-αexpression levels were increased , in human atrial tissue from patients with AF .In murine atrial myocyte HL-1 cells, after cultured for 24 h, 12.5, 25 and 50 μg/L TNF-αsignificantly reduced the protein expression levels of the TCC α1G subunit in a concentration-dependent manner .The peak current was reduced by the application of 12.5 or 25μg/L TNF-αin a concentration-dependent manner [from ( -15.08 ±1.11) pA/pF in controls to ( -11.89 ±0.83) pA/pF and (-8.54 ±1.55) pA/pF in 12.5 and 25 μg/L TNF-αgroups, respectively].TNF-αapplication also inhibited voltage-dependent inactivation of ICa,T shifted the inactivation curve to the left .CONCLUSION:These results suggest that TNF-αis involved in the path-ogenesis of AF, probably via decreasing ICa,T function in atrium-derived myocytes through impaired channel function and down -regula-tion of channel protein expression .This pathway thus represents a potential pathogenic mechanism in AF .

AIM:The direct renin inhibitor aliskiren displays antihypertensive and antialbuminuric effects in humans and in animal models . Emerging evidence has shown that aliskiren localizes and persists in medullary collecting ducts even after treatment was discontinued . The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether aliskiren regulates renal aquaporin expression and improves urinary concen -trating defect induced by lithium .METHODS:The mice were either fed with normal chow or LiCl diet (40 mmol/kg dry food per day for first 4 days and 20 mmol/kg dry food per day for last 3 days ) for seven days .Some mice were intraperitoneally injected aliskiren ( 50 mg/kg BW per day in saline ) .RESULTS:Mice injected aliskiren developed decreased urine output and increased urine osmolal -ity when compared with controls .Aliskiren significantly increased protein abundance of AQP 2 and phosphorylated-S256 AQP2 in the kidney inner medulla .Immunohistochemistry and immunofluoresence showed increased apical and intracellular labeling of AQP 2 and pS256-AQP2 in collecting duct principal cells of kidneys in mice treated with aliskiren .Aliskiren treatment prevented urinary concen-trating defect in lithium-treated mice , and improved the downregulation of AQP 2 and pS256-AQP2 protein abundance in inner medulla of the kidney .In primary cultured rat inner medulla collecting duct cells , aliskiren dramatically increased AQP 2 protein abundance which was significantly inhibited either by PKA inhibitor H 89 or by adenylyl cyclase inhibitor MDL 12330, indicating an involvement of the cAMP signalling pathway in mediating aliskiren-induced increased AQP 2 expression .CONCLUSION: The direct renin inhibitor aliskiren upregulates AQP 2 protein expression in inner medullary collecting duct principal cells and prevents lithium -induced nephro-genic diabetes insipidus ( NDI) likely via PKA-cAMP pathways .