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中药及有效成分对视神经损伤后视神经节细胞的保护作用
视神经损伤可由多种因素引起,如外伤、青光眼、炎症、缺血及肿瘤等.损伤导致视网膜神经节细胞(retinalganglion cells,RGCs)继发性变性,是不可逆性视觉功能障碍的主要原因.损伤后短期内控制RGCs 坏死和抑制RGCs 继发性凋亡[1-2]及促进受损节细胞神经轴突的再生[3-4]成为视觉恢复的关键因素.
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骨髓间充质干细胞修复肺损伤研究进展
骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymalstem cells,BMSCs)也称骨髓基质来源干细胞,是一种具有多向分化潜能的干细胞,在体外较易分离、纯化和扩增,具有多能性.近来报道BMSCs对肺组织损伤修复也具有一定的作用.以下就近年来BMSCs在肺损伤治疗方面的研究作一综述.
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肺癌患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞检测的研究进展
肺癌是我国发病率和死亡率均较高的恶性肿瘤,预后较差.患者5年生存率还有待进一步提高,患者致死的主要原因是肺癌的复发和转移.血行播散是肺癌转移的重要途径,肿瘤细胞可以通过血液循环发生远处转移.肿瘤细胞进入血液循环是肿瘤发生远处转移的关键步骤之一,因此对肺癌患者循环肿瘤细胞检测的研究已受到越来越多的重视.在此,我们就相关研究进展加以概述.
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容积敏感性氯离子通道在肿瘤细胞凋亡和耐药形成过程中的作用
肺癌是当今世界上严重威胁人类健康与生命的恶性肿瘤,其发病率和死亡率为男性恶性肿瘤的第一位,女性为第二位.随着我国人口自然增长和人口老龄化进程加剧,肺癌的发病与死亡在相当一段时间内居我国恶性肿瘤的首位.
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Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition: A Link between Metastatic and Cancer Stem-like Cells?
More than 40% of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) have lymph node metastases (LNM) at the time of diagno-sis.
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Androgens and Tumor Suppressors in Prostate Cancer
Androgens are intimately associated with prostate cancer development and progression; however, the exact roles of androgens in prostate cancer cells remain unclear.
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Crosstalk between Metastatic Cancer Cells and Bone Microenvironments
Bone is one of the most preferential target sites for cancers such as breast, prostate and lung cancers to metastasize. Although the mechanism under-lying this organ preference still needs to be elucidated, observations that specific inhibitors of osteoclasts such as bisphosphonates inhibit bone metastases suggest a critical role of osteoclasts.
关键词: cells bone metastases Needs -
TGFβ and Hypoxia Drive Breast Cancer Bone Metastases through Parallel Signaling Pathways in Tumor Cells and the Bone Microenvironment
Breast cancers frequently metastasize to bone, a site of hypoxia and high concentrations of active TGFβ. Skeletal metastases involve interactions between tumor and bone cells driven by locally secreted proteins, many of which are increased by hypoxia and TGFβ.
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Anti-metastatic Effect of Repeated Cyclic-GRGDSPA Peptide Produced by Intein Protein Trans-splicing on Murine B16 Melanoma Cells
Background and objective Metastasis is one of the most im-portant causes of mortality in tumor.
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Mitogenic and Anti-apoptotic Effects of Insulin in En-dometrial Cancer Cells Are Phosphatidylinositol 3-ki-nase/Akt Dependent
Background and objective Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the world. Although the insulin-resistant state or hyperinsulinemia was recently suggested as a potent risk factor for endometrial carcinogenesis and progression, there is only limited supporting evidence and the mechanism is unclear. In this study, we explored the roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-k/nase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway in the response of a human endometrial cancer cell line, Ishikawa3-H-12 cells, to insulin.Methods The Ishikawa 3-H-12 cells were serum-starved and then stimulated by insulin at various concentrations and for different time periods. To identify the insnlin-mediated signal pathway in the cells, LY294002, a selective inhibitor of PI3K, was used. The proliferation and the apoptotic rates were determined with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and flow cytometric assays, respectively.Results The insulin receptor positive Ishikawa 3-H-12 cells had enhanced proliferation upon insulin stimulation in a rinse-and time-dependent manner. The growth promoting effect of insulin was blocked when the cells were pre-incubated with LY294002 for 60 rains.Insulin was able to protect the cells from serum-starvation-induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, while the anti-apoptotic effects of insulin was reversed by adding LY294002. Treatment with insulin at 1 μM for 15 rain resulted in an increased level of activated Akt The insulin-induced Akt activation was inhibited by LY294002 in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion Insulin activates PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and is a mitogenic and anti-apoptotic agent for Ishikewa 3-H-12 endometrial cancer cells.
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环腺苷二磷酸核糖对血管平滑肌细胞钙调控的研究进展
游离钙在介导和调节血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smoothmuscle cells,VSMCs)的功能中起着重要作用,很多血管活性物质也都通过改变胞内钙浓度来实现它们的功能.已有较多认识的三磷酸肌醇(inositol,1,4,5-trisphosphace,IP3)是胞内重要的第二信使,它通过肌浆网上的IP3受体介导钙释放,从而引起胞内钙浓度的变化.cADPR作为一个新近认识的钙动员第二信使也参与了对胞内钙的调控,而且是独立于IP3通路的.目前越来越多的研究已经开始关注这条通路,并取得了一系列的研究结果,本文就cADPR信号通路在VSMCs钙调控中的作用作一综述.
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C-反应蛋白:炎性标记物抑或是动脉粥样硬化血栓形成的参与者
C-reactive protein (CRP) was traditionally considered a biomarker of inflammation,however,recent studies have proved that CRP exerts prothrombotic effects on vascular cells and plays a critical role in atherothrombosis.CRP increases the risk of ischemic vascular events,for example,myocardial infarction.CRP has been detected in atherosclerotic lesions in human coronary arteries [1-5].Although CRP has been argued to be involved in the development of atherosclerotic plaque size [6-8],it is surely correlated with activating the blood coagulation system and increasing the risk of thrombosis.The present review focuses on the pivotal role of CRP in trigger of atherosclerosis,stimulation of prothrombetic factor and activation of platelets as well as subsequent development of atherothrombosis.A better understanding of each step involved in this complex process might lead to a new therapeutic strategy to manage patients with CRP-linked atherothrombosis.
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脂肪来源干细胞的基础研究进展
2001年,ZuK等[1]研究发现并证实,抽脂术获得的脂肪组织中存在一群具有多向分化潜能的细胞,被称为脂肪来源干细胞(Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells,ASCs).从此以后,ASCs开始逐渐被人们认识.ASCs取材容易、来源丰富,与骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow derived stromal/stem cells,BMSCs)一样具有自我更新能力、活力持久及多向分化潜能等干细胞特征,并且具有稳定生长和增殖、促进组织修复的能力.
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脂肪来源干细胞的基础研究进展
2001年,ZuK等[1]研究发现并证实,抽脂术获得的脂肪组织中存在一群具有多向分化潜能的细胞,被称为脂肪来源干细胞(Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells,ASCs).从此以后,ASCs开始逐渐被人们认识.ASCs取材容易、来源丰富,与骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow derived stromal/stem cells,BMSCs)一样具有自我更新能力、活力持久及多向分化潜能等干细胞特征,并且具有稳定生长和增殖、促进组织修复的能力.
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Wnt信号转导途径对神经细胞分化和突触形成作用的研究进展
Wnt基因定位于染色体12q13上,它所调控的信号传导途径称为Wnt信号转导途径.早的该途径研究与肿瘤的发生、发展相关,近年随着研究的深入,发现它在生物发育,尤其是中枢神经系统的发育中发挥着重要的作用.
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血管内皮细胞损伤与修复的机制的研究进展
血管内皮细胞(vascular enolothelial cells,VEC)不仅是循环血液与血管平滑肌细胞之间的机械屏障而且是人体大重要的内分泌器官,由于它所具有的机械屏障作用,使它很容易受到体内外各种物理化学因素损伤,受损后的VEC尤其是内分泌功能必然失调,使其分泌的多种活性物质或与这种活性物质有关的其他物质之间的平衡被打破,从而导致心血管系统功能障碍.文章对引起VEC损伤的多种机制机制进行回顾,探讨VEC的修复机制,进而研究如何保护和修复已损伤的VEC,并改善血管疾病的愈后.
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圆盘受体2与肝纤维化
肝纤维化是机体针对各种慢性肝损伤所引发的修复反应.它主要是由肝星状细胞(hepatic:stellate cells,HSC)激活并转化为肌成纤维样细胞后分泌大量的细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM),大量沉积的ECM又促进HSC不断活化,从而导致肝纤维化的不断进展.
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嗅鞘细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤的研究进展
来源于嗅觉系统的嗅鞘细胞(olfactory ensheathing cells,OECs)具有外周与中枢胶质细胞特性,能够终生促进哺乳动物嗅神经再生。动物实验表明,OECs 移植治疗脊髓损伤能促进受损的运动、呼吸等功能恢复[1],且已在临床用于人类脊髓损伤的治疗。笔者就OECs生物学特性、OECs在脊髓损伤部位的迁移、促进轴索再生、提供神经营养、形成轴索髓鞘、OECs移植治疗脊髓损伤的安全性与可靠性、临床应用等方面的研究进展作一综述。
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未成熟树突状细胞与肾移植的免疫耐受研究进展
1 树突状细胞的研究历史树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DC)的历史非常悠久,早在1868年,Langerhans就曾描述过在皮肤内有一种形状特别,呈树突状结构的细胞,并命名为朗格罕氏细胞(Langerhans cell).但其具体功能不明.直到1973年Stinman和Cohn,在脾脏组织中也发现DC之后才将DC作为专职抗原递呈细胞(professional antigen-presenting cells,APC)刺激初次免疫反应(primary immune response)进行研究.早期研究发现DC是引起心脏和胃肠移植物排斥反应的重要原因,从而增加了对DC的研究兴趣.
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Objective: To culture fibroblast cells from the kneeligaments and to study the biological characteristics of thesecells.Methods: Cells of the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) and the medial collateral ligament (MCL) fromNew Zealand white rabbit were cultured in vitro. Cellulargrowth and expression of the collagen were analyzed.Moreover, an in vitro wound closure model was establishedand the healing of the ACL and the MCL cells wascompared.Results: Maximal growth for all these cells wereobtained with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's mediumsupplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, but RPMI 1640and Ham's F12 media were not suitable to maintain thesecells. Morphology of both ACL and MCL cells from NewZealand white rabbit was alike in vitro, but the MCL cellsgrew faster than the ACL cells. Both cell types producedsimilar amount of collagen in culture, but the ratio ofcollage type I to type III produced by ACL cells was higherthan that produced by MCL cells. Wound closure assayshowed that at 36 hours after injury, cell-free zones createdin the ACL cultures were occupied partially by the ACLcells; in contrast, the wounded zone in the MCL cultureswas almost completely covered by the cells.Conclusions: Although the ACL cells and the MCLcells from New Zealand white rabbit show similarappearance in morphology in culture, the cellular growthand the biochemical synthesis of collagen as well as thehealing in vitro were significantly different. Thesedifferences in intrinsic properties of the two types of cells invitro might contribute to the differential healing potentialsof these ligaments in vivo.